Recommendations to Management Essay

Problem: Increase marketing of Chiropractic Services. My aim is to bring strategies that will increase the profitability of your practice, while at the same time improving patient satisfaction and results. In the process of achieving these aims, I also seek to improve the public’s image of chiropractic care. First Recommendation: To increase profits and public awareness. Rational: Increasing profit is the main goal in any business. To help you increase profits I wish to provide advice in the following areas, as suitable: †¢ debt reduction †¢ retirement planning †¢ overhead reduction †¢ investment strategies †¢ bankruptcy guidance †¢ collection assistance I feel that by using sound business advice in these areas you will improve your profits marginally. Together we will evaluate what products or services are making you money. We will decide whether other products or services should be promoted in addition or in place of current services. To cite a classic business planning question, â€Å"Are you making 80 percent of your profits from 20 percent of your offerings?† Are you wasting time on products and services that don’t return the favor by providing you with profits? Again, together we will find these answers. Why is this recommendation important now? I feel will that with the current economic situation, now is the time to work at increases your profits to its fullest. Now is not the time to let your business take a down fall. Priority ranking of the recommendation: The priority for profits is an important need in business. Proposal: I propose that within the next few years your Chiropractic office will increase profits by increasing services and lowering costs. This will be  achieved by first looking at business expenses. One seriously important area to examine is staffing. This is typically one of a company’s biggest expenses. You need to ask yourself â€Å"Did you make necessary cuts during the recession or are you still overstaffed? Are you getting your dollars’ worth from every employee?† Make necessary adjustments now. Next, we need to examine your other expenses as well. These expenses include expense accounts to seminars, up to magazine subscriptions. We will go over your entire profit and loss statements for this year. Remember to track everything. Scrutinize your cash flow, profits and trends every week. What’s more, figure out what your company’s important numbers are. Second Recommendation: Increase marketing and public awareness. Rational: I do not recommend door-to-door surveys or other unsuccessful marketing gimmicks. Nor do I support high patient fees or unwarranted patient visits. Instead, I want to custom-tailor solutions to your distinctive needs and goals. Some marketing tools that I recommend you use are questionnaires, patient fact sheets and health concerns hand outs. These items can be posted in your office, made into brochures, newsletters, newspaper articles, and reading material in specific areas of your office like reception area. Why is this recommendation important now? In order to make money and have a profit you must advertise. This advertising will increase the public awareness of your business and the services you offer. Priority ranking of the recommendation: I feel that this is one of the most important recommendations. Good marketing is the key to great business and success. Proposal: I propose that you step up your marketing by using public relations, Web marketing, email newsletters, and other targeted or large outreach. This will be a great way to market your business since you are a small company. How do these recommendations align with the mission statement and vision? Mission Statement: Rantoul Chiropractic Clinic is committed to finding the cause of your symptoms and treating it in the most effective manner possible. We are also committed to explaining your condition to you in a manner in which you will know and understand what the problem is and what it  will take to correct it and to keep it from reoccurring. Vision Statement: Our Vision is to embrace our community and strive together for optimal health through the journey of life. Promoting Excellence and Assuring Quality in Chiropractic Education. We understand the chiropractic profession and appreciate the services, workflow, and barriers that frustrate you and slow you down. References RJF Consulting. http://www.chiroevidence.com/RJFConsulting/mission-values.html

English Language Proficiency Essay

â€Å"English is the craziest language.† This tagline was made famous by the American author, speaker and teacher – Mr. Richard Lederer. His column, â€Å"Looking at Language†, is syndicated in newspapers and magazines throughout the United States. He has written more than 30 books, including Anguished English, Get Thee to a Punnery, Crazy English, A Man of My Words, The Word Circus, The Miracle of Language, The Cunning Linguist, Word Wizard, and Presidential Trivia. Known as a â€Å"verbivore†, a word he coined in the early 1980s, Lederer’s interests include uncovering word origins, pointing out common grammatical errors and fallacies, and exploring palindromes, anagrams, and other forms of recreational wordplay. We all know that English is the universal language and by means of this, we can easily communicate with other nationalities all over the world. Filipinos are known to be good English speakers and to start our training at an early age, schools all over the Philippines managed to have the English Policy. It wouldn’t be only a benefit for the students but for their teachers as well. Based on the past issues of ECHO, QCA already underwent a system in which the faculty club had been given a chance to go for an English training. Even the students actively participated in the said policy that they should speak English or else they will pay their penalty. It’s not about prohibiting us to use our native language but it helps us to become more confident in communicating with people. As an opening for the year 2013, ECHO wanted to know the voice of the students today regarding this matter. Would they still like the English Policy back to nurture their capabilities in this language? Let’s hear some of their opinions. â€Å"Indeed! As a student, I want to help my classmates and schoolmates to develop more about English grammar and communication. In this way we can improve our English skills,† Brian Caacbay of I – Agap A stated. John Karl de Jesus from IV – Abad Santos B said, â€Å"Yes, I still want the English Policy back in QCA because it helps students to develop their competence in the use of the certain language and to encourage positive attitudes towards learning it.† â€Å"For me it’s a yes, because it can help us to improve our grammar. It can also help us to speak more fluently in English,† Reign Mariano of I – Agap A remarked. Most of the students answered positively and this brings a great  opportunity to all of the QCAians. English may be a crazy language but it’s not that hard to learn as long as we are eager to do it for own good sake.

Health Essay

I do agree with this week’s speaker Sarah Lightheart one-hundred percent; I think that health is so hard to define because of the fact, there are so many different aspects of health. Health is not just eating right, exercising, and being social every now and again. There are six different dimensions of health that need to have some sort of balance in order to achieve the optimal level of health in oneself to in turn be healthy. To me, health does not mean that it you are lacking a little in one area of the six aspects of health that you are an unhealthy person, I feel that there needs to be more of a balance within all six dimensions. In addition, every aspect does not need to be at a maximum level for a person to be healthy; I personally focus more on the emotional, physical, spiritual, and social aspects of health and the rest just fall into place for me. With the exception of environmental health aspect, I do want I can but, I do not go out of my way to be more healthy in the environmental dimension, in which I do need to find more of a balance. In conclusion, the definition of health to me is a balance of all six dimensions of health I believe that each person has their own personal levels they need to maintain to be healthy, Every human has their own individual traits to be healthy, and what makes one person healthy may not do the same for another.

Overcrowding in our prisons systems is becoming a burden on a Essay

Overcrowding in our prisons systems is becoming a burden on a taxpaying society. Should more people sentenced to the death penalty be put to death and should no - Essay Example 1)†. Additionally, the taxpayers may have to cough up more than $28,000 to keep each new individual who comes to jail for a year. This system certainly does not deserve more money from the people since to keep society safe from criminal elements; we the people are paying the cost for medical, educational as well as the living expenses of prisoners whereas a much simpler solution could be presented to the government. The simpler solution is execution. For criminals who have committed violent crimes such as murder, rape, kidnapping, armed assault and a host of other crimes, the easiest method to cure crime would be to hand them the death penalty and be done with it. Such crimes are already considered punishable by death by some countries which we do not consider as ‘developed’ as America but it must be noted that valued legal thinkers such as Bedau (1998) consider the death penalty for rapists to be quite valid. Bedau (1998) says that the death penalty to be a possible punishment for rape since it, â€Å"may measurably serve the legitimate ends of punishment (Bedau, 1998, Pg. 213)†. It seems that calling a prison a correctional facility is a misnomer because the aims of the prison system are not being met. As reported by Beard (2005), nearly 95 percent of all current prisoners will one day return to prison and more than fifty percent will utterly fail to readjust to the normal social order. The reasons given for this situation are the wrongful filling of prisons with individuals who may be mentally ill and could be given better services elsewhere. When we try to control their behavior with prisons, we fail and other solutions such as medical treatment and the death penalty itself become more realistic approaches to handling our prison population problem. Of course there are those who think that the death penalty

Customer Service Lapses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Customer Service Lapses - Essay Example Throughout, the patient was alone, and no help was provided to her to clear her prescription at the pharmacy. c. There was the lack of staff in the clinic for patient care. Only one physician was present, who had to take care of the patients in urgent care as well as in family medicine. Follow-up Questions a. How was the experience of the patient with respect to care provided by a physician? b. Was the medical staff including nurses, etc. helpful in giving medical assistance? c. What problems did the patient face on the visit related to (time, fees, care, medicine etc.)? Future Actions a. Hire the required staff necessary to facilitate the number of patients visiting each day to the clinic. Separate doctors should be there for attending patients in family medicine and urgent care. b. The staff has to make sure that no patient has to wait for long hours. Every task should be performed on time and must be organized. c. Curtail the excessive documentation; keep the system simple, manage able and effective. PDCA: (ASQ 20) Plan: Improve documentation process, reduce waiting time and get new staff hired. Track the changes by taking feedback from patients. Do: Bring immediate changes by assisting patients and reduce the waiting time. Check: Check the patients’ response on forms for checking system efficiency.

Write drafts of two blog posts for your blog website. Although the Assignment

Write drafts of two blog posts for your blog website. Although the blog posts should share a common theme, they should be on different topics and have different titles - Assignment Example This is one of the simple methods that I would recommend as a priority in an effort to conserve the environmental resources. The reason behind the depletion of our resources is the failure to replenish the stocks of the resources that we use. Take for instance the cutting down of trees for timber or any other justifiable reason, much as this may not be wrong the problem arises when the trees are cut down but not replaced. Picture a scenarios where if one tree is cut down then replaced by three young seedling. The outcome is forests will never be empty fields and the issues of desertification will never arise. Conservation therefore can be achieved only through the sustainable utilization of resources and that is the only way to keep our resources available to us throughout (Li, 1996). The realization that we are the owners and benefactors of the resources available to us should give us a sense of responsibility with regards to utilizing and managing them. Dumping of waste material everywhere has a significant effect on the natural resources such as the soil, water and even the life of animals in the soil. This affects the quality of life of human beings either directly or indirectly and despite the negligence we are the ones who suffer in the long term. This is why I feel that owing ht environment and feeling responsible for the resources within the environment is key to helping us conserve the environment. Cutting down of trees for instance is a direct way to invite desertification and alteration of rainfall patterns. Appreciating this therefore help us take responsibility and work to conserve the environment. Natural resources are community resources and therefore owned communally. This means that the utilization and conservation of such resources is the responsibility of the community at large and not just a few individuals. As such the only way to achieve good results with regards to environmental conservation is

Supply and Demand of ETFs in the market Research Paper

Supply and Demand of ETFs in the market - Research Paper Example The market value of an individual ETF through out a single trading day depends on demand and supply for each and every ETF. They follow Index all through, but they act like Equity. ETFs can also be used to refer to those investment companies which are classified as Unit Investment Trusts (UITs) or open ended companies. Exchange-Traded Fund usually experience changes all through the day as they get to be bought and to be purchased. Exchange-Traded Fund does not have net asset value like mutual funds since it trades like a stock. The leading country in the development of ETF is Canada. It creation has roots in Toronto Stock Exchange with Toronto 35 Index Participation Units. The creation of ETFs starts when a professional investor like an investment bank places a whole stock portfolio with a fund manager where they exchange the basket of securities underlying the Index with the provider of ETF for new ETF shares. That is, the professional investor then receives a given quantity of ETF shares in return for the deposit. These shares can then be traded in the exchange market where they can be sold or bought by professional investors or retail from all parts of Europe. Creation units refer to large blocks of ETF shares which usually range from 100,000 to 200,000 shares per unit. The designated or professional investor or brokers usually break these creation units into individual ETF shares which then trade in the stock exchange. The creation and the issuance of ETFs consist of two markets which include the prima ry market which creates the ETFs and the secondary market which buys or sells the ETF units. The creation of ETFs therefore takes place in the primary market between the authorized participants and the fund. â€Å"In kind† creation on the other hand takes place in authorized participants and more so large financial institution. The ETF shares are created by the deposit of portfolio of stocks into the applicable fund, and this is done in

CRITICAL ANALYSIS on THE SHAWL Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

CRITICAL ANALYSIS on THE SHAWL - Essay Example As the story develops, the reader is compelled to ask several questions. How does Rosa tolerate the sight of her daughter in pain? Why did Rosa think that her daughter would die very soon? What is the significance of â€Å"the shawl† in the eyes of the narrator? While attempting to answer these questions, one will learn that Rosa is obsessed with her past. The description of her situation at the start of the story explains why her daughter, Magda, is suffering and why Rosa cannot be of any help to her own child. They are all captives of the concentration camp, cold, exhausted and starved. They live in â€Å"a place without pity† where even struggling to acquire the basic necessities can cause them death penalty. Being only fifteen months old, her daughter was not getting the nourishment she needed from her mother. She struggles to suck milk from her mother’s breast but gets nothing in return except the feel of the dry and cracked surface. She eventually takes ple asure in suckling on her mother’s shawl which tastes like cinnamon and almond. ... In the story, the reader finds several instances where the narrator vividly conveys the unspeakable atrocities that occurred in the concentration camp. The sights and the smells of terror are muddled up together in â€Å"the coldness of hell†: Stella, cold, cold, the coldness of hell. How they walked on the roads together, Rosa with Magda curled up between sore breasts, Magda wound up the shawl. Sometimes Stella carried Magda. But she was jealous of Magda. A thin girl of fourteen, too small, with thin breasts of her own, Stella wanted to be wrapped in a shawl, hidden away, asleep, rocked by the march, a baby, a round infant in arms. Stella’s desire for the baby’s shawl leads to Magda’s death. Ozick’s abundant use of symbolism allows the reader to envision the setting. She refers to the baby as angel throughout the novel; "smooth feathers of hair nearly as yellow as the Star sewn into Rosa's coat" and as "someone who is already a floating angel". Whe n her shawl is taken away from her by Stella, Magda suddenly begins to cry and wobbles out into the yard where she is picked up by a guard and thrown on the electrified fence to meet her death. The story reaches its climax through the flat character, Stella, who remains cold and cruel till the end because, being a child herself, she does not recognize the sentiments of the others, except satisfying her own need. Cynthia Ozick uses figurative language masterfully in her work The Shawl. She believes that such language is critical for literature understanding. The story is noteworthy because of its meticulous control over the view point. It requires great attention, as the details appear to be filtered through the

Paraphrasing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Paraphrasing - Essay Example After this, the molar mass of KHP was used to divide the number of grams (KHP) by it that generated the KHP’s number of moles. Next, the volume was calculated after titration. Next, the molarity was calculated using the formula given below: 1.0 g of KHP was measured and then it was dissolved in 70-75 mL distilled water. As the next step, 1 to 5 drops of phenolphthalein was added to the solution. It was done to ensure the change in color after addition of base (NaOH). Next, KHP was dissolved as much as possible in order to get accurate results. After that, the base was dripped into the acid using a buret which was filled with NaOH up to a certain volume. It was done until the color started changing noticeably. A white paper was placed under the glassware to see the change in color clearly. The solution started turning into pink color which was also the end point of the reaction. Next, the volume was calculated after stopping the buret using the formula: . In this part of the experiment, 2.0 mL acetic acid was measured and poured in a 10 mL graduated cylinder. After this, the exact volume was noted and mixed with 70-75 mL water. As the next step, the graduated cylinder was rinsed before adding water in the acid. Next, 1 to 5 drops of phenolphthalein were added to the solution. After this, titration was started slowly in order to avoid a dark pink color. Then, the volume was noted just upon turning of the solution into a light pink color and this was also the end point of the reaction. Next, the volume was calculated using the formula: . In this part, 2.0 mL sulfuric acid was measured and poured in a 10 mL graduated cylinder. After this, the exact volume was noted and 70-75 mL of water was mixed. Next, the graduated cylinder was rinsed before adding water in the acid to ensure pouring of all leftovers in the solution. After this, 1 to 5 drops of phenolphthalein were added to the solution. After this, titration was started

Pre-Industrial European Labour Market Essay Example for Free

Pre-Industrial European Labour Market Essay In this critical review I will compare the two texts by Peter Earle and Elise van Nederveen Meerkerk. The articles are about woman’s work in the 17th and early 18th century respectively about women’s work in the Dutch textile industry and female labour marked in London. The article by Earle (in 1989) is released before Meerkerk’s article (2006) and there are in Meerkerk analysis some pointing to Earle’s article. I will start with a short presentation of each of the two articles, how and from what time data is collected, some of the findings and conclusion. And then what contribution their papers have made to the historical debate about women’s role in the pre-industrial labour market. Both Earle and Meerkerk refer to Alice Clarks pioneer study from 1919 about women’s work in production in pre-industrial time[1] [2]. Earle is more critical to her work than Meerkerk. Peter Earle is the first person after Alice Clark to look deep and critically into how women had it in the labour market in the 17th and 18th century. In his article Earle is saying â€Å"Indeed, it would be fair to say that we know virtually nothing about the female labour force in early modern London except in the most unstructured and superficial way[3]. An important note Earle makes in his introduction is that the arguments that Alice Clark put forward has more or less just became accepted and Peter Earle is the first one to test Alice Clark’s analyze[4]. A main thing Meerkerk and Earle are concentrating on is Clark statement that there where a ‘golden age’ for women in the 17th and 18th century. What becomes clear in Meerkeerk article is that she is influenced by development in economic theory and social theory as well. The way Meerkeerk and Earle do their analyze is different. A major reason for that is that Meerkeerk is a social scientist while Earle is a ‘traditional empiricist historian’. What is easy to see is that Earle look at numbers much more than Meerkerk do, and while Meerkerk also look at numbers, she uses market theories as well such as the split market theory to analyze the findings. Katrina Honeyman and Jordan Goodman used this when they where looking at European women’s work between1500 – 1900[5]. Peter Earle is more or less guided by his sources. He goes thru his sources and construct figures [6] from his sources. He also takes other sources from other historians such as Wrigley and Schofield [7]. And this is what he is basing his conclusion on. Meerkerk on the other hand developed a frame work, she had an idea before she starting on the research. The idea is that of how to analyze her data. Based upon works from many social scientists and historians and their findings, she found that †we must therefore derive a new theoretical framework to explain the working of gender in the pre-industrial labour marked† [8]. On this background she analysed the data. Her work became a supplement to understand the segmentation of the labour market. Meerkerk wanted to know who got the core jobs, who got the peripheral jobs and why men tends to earn more than women even if they are doing the same work. Core jobs are higher paid and productivity while peripheral jobs is lower paid and lower productivity. Peter Earle has data from witnesses and defendants in the time period of approximately 1660 – 1725. Earle have an impressive material from whole London divided by districts, occupations, full-time and part-time, women and men and their age. He also has data from which class the citizens are from, if they are upper class or lower class (low wealth to high wealthy), and also reading skills and illiterate[9]. Earle is self-stating that poor people are under represented because they weren’t literate enough to be called as witnesses[10] Meerkerk’s material not less impressive than Earle’s, is from last quarter of the sixteenth century, first half of seventeenth century and 1810. Other than showing women in the textile industry in Holland, she are showing the percentage of married women who are in work, men and women in different industries, different jobs, heads of family per industrial sector and heads of family in textile industry. She also looks at women and men’s income. Meerkerk also has an analyse of guilds in the textile industry[11]. What is worth mentioning is that Tilburg and Leiden who are the main places in Holland she is looking at was wealthy places economically mainly because of the textile industry. Conclusion: Even though they goes with their work in a different way, they both come up with similar conclusions. None of them believes it was a ‘golden-age’ for women. Meerkerk said women where restricted to peripheral and low paid jobs but it was changeable, depending upon industry and it as is peak when women occasionally gets better paid jobs, but as soon the industry starts to decline women where the first to loose their job. The fine jobs women’s ones had, where then given to men. It’s easy to see there where gender discrimination. As mentioned, Earle has a kind of similar conclusion; He means that women where expected to work at that time to support their family. Women got low-paid and low skilled jobs while men got the higher paid jobs (core jobs). Meerkerk and Earle’s works compliments each other as to real knowledge about women’s situation on the labour marked in pre-industrial times. What Meerkerk’s work gives us more than Clark is supplement to the theories about segmented labour marked and the labour marked segregated by gender, and she are valuable to understand the labour marked in preindustrial time and today’s labour marked as well. Bibliography: Earle, Peter: The female labour market in London in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth century, 1989 Economic History Review, 2nd ser., XLII, 3(1989), pp. 328-353 Meerkerk, Elise Van Nederveen; Segmentation in the Pre-Industrial Labour Market: Women’s Work in the Dutch Textile Industry, 1581 – 1810 page 189 216, 2006 Internationaal Instituut voor Sociale Geschiedenis

Culture Shock: Causes and Effects

Culture Shock: Causes and Effects In the business industry the importance of expanding the business internationally is progressively growing. One industry which is constantly expanding its presence in international market is telecommunication industry. Telecommunication plays an increasingly important role in the world economy and as the global telecommunication industry. Due to increasing new market access and large number of global mergers and acquisitions within telecommunication industry larger number of managers and employees are becoming an expatriate working and living abroad. Therefore it is extremely vital to educate managers or employees in intercultural awareness. One of the very important aspects in the field of intercultural is the issue of Culture Shock. Many theories have been proposed to explain what Culture Shock is. Although the literature covers a wide variety of such theories, this review will focus on few major culture shock models which emerge repeatedly throughout the literature reviewed. Definition of Culture Shock The word Culture Shock was first introduced by world-renowned anthropologist Kalervo Oberg in 1960.He used the word culture shock to describe the anxiety resulting from not knowing what to do in new culture. Oberg (1960) as (cited in Dharm and Richard 2000, p. 2) Defined culture as occupational disease of people who have suddenly been transported abroad and suggested that culture shock is precipitated by the anxiety that result from losing all our familiar signs and symbol of social intercourse In other words the term culture shock refers to the situation where an individual migrates from a culture to which he/she is familiar with to an unfamiliar one resulting in new experiences and causing distress and discomfort or sense of loneliness. Oberg definition on culture shock was supported by many renowned scholars. For example, Hofstede (1999) as (cited in Sonja Manz 2003,p.2) has also defined culture shock as a stress of distress following the transfer of a person to an unfamiliar cult ural environment . Furthermore, Alder (1975) as (cited in Yun and Qynh Le, 2012, p. 2). Also agreed with Oberg and Hosted definition and state that culture shock is a set of emotional reactions which occurred when an individual leave its own culture and move completely into a new culture. However, Marx contradicts with Oberg, Adler and Hofstede view on culture and offers far more interesting and promising view on Culture. Her view on culture shock is more interesting because she views culture shock as a positive and learning experience. Marx view on culture shock was supported by Hawes and Kealey (1981) study (Cited in Marx 1999, p6) which was conducted on Canadian expatriates working or living in Africa. The study showed that expatriates who experienced intense culture shock are most likely to adapt effectively and adjust into the new culture easily. Thus Culture Shock should be seen as positive experience not negative. Different Theories on Culture Shock Oberg was the first one to develop a model of adaptation that suggests that going abroad or working interntionally put individuals through a cycle of distinct phase on a way to final adaptation. The model has four stages in which expatriate goes through. The first stage is honeymoon stage. In this stage telecommunication expatriate is very excited about moving into different country. The expatriate viewed his new life as providing endless opportunities the expatriate is usually in the state of exhilaration. This is followed by crisis-phase, culture shock set in-In this stage expatriate realize that something not quite right. Expatriate feels frustrated, anxious and angry. In this stage expatriate realizes the problems and starts to cope with the new culture. This is followed by recovery stage. This third phase of recovery usually starts accepting that he/she has a problem and start to find ways to deal with the problems. Finally expatriate reached into Adjustment stage, in this stage anxiety and frustration vanishes and is replaced by confidence and acceptance of host values, the expatriate is able to work effectively and accept the culture and behaviors of host society are accepted. (Marx, 1999). Other Academic professors also came up with a model which was very similar to Obergs model but with a different terms. For example Adler 1975 (Cited in Pedersen, 1999 pg. 4), came up with a model which divided the process of adaptation into five stages: contact, disintegration, reintegration, autonomy and independence. Furthermore, Richard 1974 (Cited in Pedersen, 1999 pg. 4), came up with a model which named the four stages as: elation, depression, recovery and acculturation. Even though the model developed by Richard and Adler vary little bit compared to Oberg model but the general linear process of culture remains relatively constant. However Marx criticizes the model developed by Oberg, Richard and alder. She states that it is not necessary that not every individu al will go through the same process according to Obergs models. She also states it is more realistic to use a model of culture shock that does not strictly linear but integrates a dynamic and repetitive cycle of positive and negative phases until you break through culture shock (Marx, 1999 pg. 10). However, one of the popular models on adjustment is U-Curve. It was initiated by Lysggard (1955) as (cited in Thomas 1947, page 221) The U-curve is very similar to Obergs fours stages of transition. According to (Lysggard , 1955) expatriate progress at regular interval through three phases of honeymoon, culture shock, and finally adjustment. In the Honeymoon stage, expatriate is excited about moving into new culture; new environment intrigues the expatriate in much the same way as if the expatriate was tourist. This is followed by Culture Shock stage, in this stage expatriate is frustrated and confused because the new environment is not providing familiar cues and finally reaching to Adjustment Stage, in this stage expatriate start to understand the new culture, learn the way to get things done in the new culture. In 1963 the U-Curve model expanded to W shape when repatriation is considered in other words the expatriate achieve the mastery stage and begins to function effectively int o the new culture almost as well as at home. Even though U-Curve has been a really popular model but After testing 54 years of testing the research support U-Curve has not been convincing. Although some support have found for the U-Curve but it has been criticized by many scholars. Church (1982) has regarded U-curve to be very weak. Furthermore academic professor like Furnham and Bochner 1986 (cited in Jan Selmer , 1999 pg .4) Also reject the U-curve and argue that it is too vague and too generalized. However, Black and Mendenhall 1991 (Cited in Jan Selmer, 1999 pg. 6) Conclude due to the lack of methodological rigor in many of the investigations, a rejection or acceptance of the U-Curve by scholars or cross cultural trainers would be premature. Despite the lack of empirical support, the idea that expatriates might go through some systematic and discernible pattern of adjustment remains a very attractive notion both on an academic and a practical perspective. Acculturation There are a number of studies which have emerged on the culture shock but one of the most prominent theories on acculturative stress proposed by Berry was established as an alternative of word culture shock. The term culture shock was redefined by (Zheng Berry, 1991) as a form of stress. The reason berry gave for replacing the term Culture Shock with acculturative stress is the word shock is very negative while stress can be either both positive and negative aspects. The term stress was developed based on the concept of acculturation. (Redfield, Linton, and Herskovits (1936) as (Cited in Yun Quynh, 2012, p, 3) defined acculturation as, Acculturation comprehends those phenomena which result when groups of individuals having different cultures come into continuous first-hand contact, with subsequent changes in the original cultural patterns of either or both groups..However (Berry, 1970; Furnham Bochner, 1986) as (Cited in Yun Quynh, 2012, p, 3) did not agree with the definition of Refiled and Herskovits they argued that acculturation should be discussed at an individual level because acculturation is a change in the psychology of the individuals rather than group level. One of the popular acculturation model that has emerged in many studies by scholars is Berrys acculturation strategies model .Which list four response or types or acculturation. These are Assimilation, Separation, Marginalisation and integration. This model describes possibilities of response around two dimensions and acculturation. The first, based on maintaining cultural identify and the second around maintaining links with other groups. Depending on how respondents react to these two dimensions. Berrys (1991) model yields the fourfold classification of the acculturation model chosen by individuals. When individuals maintain a strong cultural identify, yet associated with member of other cultural group this leads to an integration strategy in which important elements of both cultures are bl ended. A separatist response refuses to identify with the host culture and idealizes home culture leading to increased ethnocentric societies and chaunvisnism. Individuals only weakly identifying among their culture of origin and becoming strongly attached to the host culture are assimiltionsit. Finally individual who does not have an interest in their own culture or fail to build relationship with the host local community are marginalized. Although acculturation theory stimulated a great number of studies on intercultural. There are some questions about the theory that Scholars pose. Firstly Benet-Martinez Haritatos, 2005 (Cited in Yun Yue Quynh le, 2012, p. 5) Argues , that Berry Four acculturative strategies are very generalized. Secondly, Rumdmin, 2003 (Cited in Yun Yue Quynh le, 2012, p. 3) Questioned the validity of marginsiation. Problems caused by culture shock for expatriate When an Individual encounters a new culture and experience culture shock .The change and unfamiliarity within the new culture affect their psychological adjustment and participation in that new cultural surrounding. This psychological. This psychological mystification and emotional discomfort usually create tremendous amount of stress. The negative impact of culture shock individual psychology often includes a large and diverse set of symptoms such as anxiety, depression etc.However, not everyone will be affected by all of these symptoms but almost all people will experience some part. When depression, anxiety and feeling of helplessness accumulate individuals who are affected by these symptoms find it very difficult to pay attention to the learning of new culture as a result it decreased their motivation of adapting new environment. However, if an individual fails to fight against the symptoms of culture shock they are more likely to become a hostile to host nationals which may lead to handicap of interpersonal relationship. It is often discussed by many scholars dealing with psychological stress caused by culture shock such as depression, anxiety very significant for those people who come in contact with new culture .( Junzi Xia,2009).Culture shock is one of the challenge that will might act as a barrier for telecommunication company. As part of their plan they want to ensure that the process of internationalisation runs as smoothly as possible. Initial meetings and research between your team and the senior board has identified the following issues that are likely to cause challenges within cross-cultural working  cause challenges within cross-cultural working PART TWO: Recommendations for Overcoming Cross Cultural Challenges Choose THREE recommendations to help prevent the challenges from occurring. In this section three recommendations will be provided to the organization in order to minimize the impact of culture shock on their employees. 1. Cultural Awareness In order to adjust quickly into a new environment. It is very important for expatriate to become familiar with the culture of the host country before departing. One of the main reasons for this it will provide expatriates a better understanding of host culture values and customs. With the familiarity of new culture expatriate can imagine of the problems or obstacles he/she might encounter as a result it will make the new surroundings more acceptable. According to research carried out by many scholars the more understanding and knowledge expatriate has about the new culture the more quickly he/she will be able to adapt to the environment. In a different culture, non verbal communication might be different, such as physical space between two people who are communicating. For example, For Americans twenty inches is normal distance during communicating .While Saudi Arabians prefer to stand closer during communicating. This can be viewed as rude and bad-mannered by Americans. Consequently when Saudi Arabian enters America , He/she might find hard to adjust in a new environment which is completely different to their home culture as a result anxiety and nervousness appear as he/she is not prepared to cope with culture shock. It is very important that expatriate has full knowledge and understanding of the new culture before they go there. This will not only help them to adapt quickly but will also lessen the chances of suffering from stress and anxiety. The disadvantage of this type of approach is it is very time consuming and sometimes its not possible to understand all the aspects of the new environment through books, journal etc. Before transferring expatriate aboard.It is very important that organization provide a range of literature on the country where they are sending expatriate these might include books, journals, newspapers etc. (Ferraro, 2006). 2. Cross cultural training programs Another method I would recommend to organizations in order to lessen the impact of culture shock on their employees is to provide Pre-departure Cross Cultural Training programs. These are designed to reduce the uncertainty associated with a new environment. The purpose of these cross cultural programs is to provide information about the culture of new environment where expatriate will be working as well as to provide information how to interact with the people of that particular culture. Many Scholars have view cultural training as an effective tool for expatriate to adjust into a new environment successfully. (Mendenhall et al. 2002, p. 177) state Cross cultural training can be effective in sensitizing individuals to cultural issues, in facilitating adjustment to foreign culture, in improving work performance abroad, and in helping employees to develop a global mindset. Furthermore, Mendenhall 1990, (cited in Rehg, M. and Gundlach, M. 2001 p. 3) Carried out the study in which they f ound a significant relationship between cross-cultural training and performances. Other studies suggested this view for example, (Black et al.,1991; Harrison, 1994; Katz and Seifer, 1996) as (cited in Robert H and Mike, 2004, p. 5) Carried out studies which suggest that various forms of pre-departure and post-arrival orientation programs provided by the organization can lessen the impact of culture shock and improve cross cultural adjustment process. However Scholars like Selmer, Torbio ¨rn de Leon, (1998) as (cited in Jan Selmer , 1999 pg. 14) states that post cultural training is more effective compared to the pre-arrival-cross cultural training. Even though it is acknowledged by many scholars that intercultural training help to reduce the impact of culture shock but some top-level manager believe this kind of training is very expensive, time consuming and an effective. It can cost companies up to $80,000 or more to provide a rigorous, in- depth to an expatriate. Therefore , Some organizational officials perceive cross cultural training program waste of time and money. In some cases managers feel thats there is insufficient time to provide the necessary cross-cultural training required and decide to forego such training.One of the biggest disadvantage of training is it is not guaranteed that after receiving the extensive training expatriate will be able to adapt more quickly in the new environment. Even though studies suggest that cross cultural training help expatriate to adapt more effectively but everyone is different some expatriate may benefit it from it some might not . Although it is very cost effective to provide cross-cultural training and some manager find it ineffective but it is really important to provide some cross-cultural training to expatriate. If the company does not provide any cross-cultural training the expatriate might take time to adapt into a new environment or might fail completely. As a result company might incur huge cost. T he cost might range between around US $250,000-$1 Million (Vo ¨gel, Millard and Vuuren 2008, p. 3). As (cited in Gupta, R. Et al. 2012, p. 2 Help and support during the assignment It is very important that expatriate receives a support and assistance during their It has been proven in many studies conducted by many scholars that social support and guidance contributes significantly in adjusting into the new environment. If the expatriate does not get any support and is being left alone. It would increase the negative impact of culture shock therefore making it more difficult to adjust in the new environment. Research also show culture that emphasize interdependence suffer less from psychological stress than who live in culture which emphasizes independence Lafreniere Cramer, 2005 (as cited in Junzi xi, 2009, p. 3), In order to avoid being left alone lot of companies who send their expatriate abroad offers support with day-to -day life like banking, transpiration etc.. Many companies have their own relocating services that helps expatriate with all the basic tasks these include organizing schools for children etc. All these measures help to prevent culture sho ck. Overall it is very important that expatriate keep receiving support and assistance for the 1-2 months or until the expatriate settle into a new environment. Even though it is very time consuming but it will definitely help expatriate to settle into new environment easily .If the organization cannot afford to provide cultural-training to its employee providing support and assistance is the best method they can choose to help expatriate . The advantage of this type of approach is that company does not have to spend lots of money on training and secondly, the expatriate will be able to adjust more quickly