E Commerce And The Distribution And Retail Levels Since...

It is very much true and not a faction that the increased utilization of eMarketing/ mMarketing is accelerating the elimination of resellers at both the distribution and retail levels since internet has a great power and created a revaluation which to drastically altered and change the equilibrium of influence between consumers, retailers, distributors, manufacturers and service providers; where some win or gain and some lose (Hollensen, 2013). The e-commerce in many industries added more pressure to the physical distributors and dealers of goods and services since it became more user friendly and convenient to order these goods and services online from various resources while comparing the prices at the same time. On the same issue the disintermediation process, led to some channel conflict or rate parity issues (Hollensen, 2013). In the hospitality industry with the elimination of some traditional booking channels such as travel agencies as well as Consortia, and Mega wholesaler as the traditional ‘physical’ distributor or Third Party Intermediaries (TPI) to the room booking, new types of intermediaries emerged which is called â€Å"online Travel agencies OTA or Opaque Channels. I have bowered Hollensen Figure 16.8 Disintermediation and reintermediation to show the changes to the industry in the past decades (Hollensen, 2013, p. 588). It is a public knowledge that Hotels have a fixed inventory of perishable products- room nights available for sale on any given dateShow MoreRelatedAmazon, Inc. Inventory Management1553 Words   |  7 PagesAmazon.com, Inc. Inventory Management The e-commerce giant that everyone knows as Amazon.com started in 1994 as a vision of great untapped potential from founder Jeff Bezos. â€Å"Seeing beyond the obvious to potential commercial applications, Bezos saw a giant opportunity in the general public’s growing usage of the Internet, which was exploding at a rate of 2,300 percent per year† (Llopis, 2011). Since 1994, e-commerce and Amazon have both grown to be integral parts of business as we know it. ThisRead MoreAmazons Competitive Analysis1296 Words   |  6 PagesCompetitors can compete directly or indirectly. Competition happens on two levels: Product or service competition. Due to the shift of focus for Amazon, it has become the Earths biggest anything store. Its competitors have expanded from just online book retailers Barnes and Nobles and Borders to top audio retailers CDNOW.com and online auction house e-bay.com. Amazon has an overall lead of 40% market share against the other online retail firms. Their international business has more than doubled over theRead MoreE-Commerce Essay1225 Words   |  5 Pagesworld largest computer network is the internet. With the astonishing growth of the Internet nowadays, many companies are finding new ways to expand their business opportunities. One can even say that there ¡Ã‚ ¯re almost all companies used computers in their everyday business. Thus, E-commerce is emerging as an increasingly important way for businesses to reach potential customers. Introduction What exactly is e-commerce? Most casual internet users think that e-commerce is just buying and selling onlineRead MoreE Commerce And The Internet1252 Words   |  6 Pagesworld largest computer network is the internet. With the astonishing growth of the Internet nowadays, many companies are finding new ways to expand their business opportunities. One can even say that there ¡Ã‚ ¯re almost all companies used computers in their everyday business. Thus, E-commerce is emerging as an increasingly important way for businesses to reach potential customers. Introduction What exactly is e-commerce? Most casual internet users think that e-commerce is just buying and selling onlineRead MorePoters Five Forces Model in E-Commerce Essay1312 Words   |  6 Pagesï‚ § relative price performance of substitutes ï‚ § buyer switching costs ï‚ § perceived level of product differentiation The threat of the entry of new competitors Profitable markets that yield high returns will draw firms. This results in many new entrants, which will effectively decrease profitability. Unless the entry of new firms can be blocked by incumbents, the profit rate will fall towards a competitive level (perfect competition). ï‚ § the existence of barriers to entry (patents, rights, etcRead MoreE-Commerce Industry Analysis- Porters1596 Words   |  7 PagesFirm Strategy, Structure and Rivalry | * India’s e retailers have primarily relied on PE funds and venture capitalists * Pricing is the point of differentiation from existing Brick and Mortar shops * Focus on segments like Books and apparels to slowly increase their offerings * innovations in delivery and technology in recent years like Cash on Delivery, CRM * Introduction of Guarantied replacement approach.Rivalry- * Business model is easy to copy * Beginning ofRead MorePoters Five Forces Model E-Commerce1348 Words   |  6 Pagesï‚ § relative price performance of substitutes ï‚ § buyer switching costs ï‚ § perceived level of product differentiation The threat of the entry of new competitors Profitable markets that yield high returns will draw firms. This results in many new entrants, which will effectively decrease profitability. Unless the entry of new firms can be blocked by incumbents, the profit rate will fall towards a competitive level (perfect competition). ï‚ § the existence of barriers to entry (patents, rights, etcRead MoreE-Tailing1230 Words   |  5 PagesThe e–tailing business sector is described as â€Å"the selling of retail goods electronically over the internet† (DMS Retail, 2011, p.2). Information technology in the e-tail business sector is developing with † the emergence of standardized Web 2.0 technology and open source software packages, shopping cart and e-tail e-commerce tools have become cheaper, more powerful, standardized and chock-full of all kinds of interactive, multichannel and multimedia features† (E-Commerce Times, 2007, p.1). MajorRead Moreretail management Essay952 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Heng Seng Management College BUS4003 – Retail and Channel Management Baleno Case Study Group3 Group Member: 1. Introduction 1.1 The history of Baleno Baleno’s story can be traced back to 1981, established by young fashion experts. â€Å"BALENO† was registered in Hong Kong in 1996 and established Baleno Holdings Limited as the holding company. With successful rebranding tactics and marketing strategies, Baleno expanded its network rapidly across Asia.    Baleno understands that no singleRead MoreAmazon Is An American Electrical Commerce Company1509 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Amazon.com or Amazon is an American electrical commerce company that is known for its incredibly diverse selection of affordable products. The company was founded in 1994 by Jeff Bezos as an online bookstore. Over the years, the company diversified the products it offered to incorporate goods such as: electronics, jewelry, clothing, food, furniture, home goods, and many more. Amazon has even begun creating and selling its own brand of goods on its website. Because of the large amount

Homeland Security And Law Enforcement Integrated - 3127 Words

Homeland Security and Law Enforcement Integrated The purpose of this paper is to define and give as much detail information about Homeland Security in the United States and law enforcement and how they are integrated. I hope after reading this paper you will be well informed on the duties and responsibilities of these agencies. People have always lived in fear but with the help of these agencies we will no longer have to live in fear. I will try to give as much detail information as possible to help with any problems or situation that might come up. Homeland Security in the United States and law enforcement have extensive research skills and knowledge in serving and protecting citizens and other important groups and agencies. Homeland†¦show more content†¦Law enforcement officers handle violence, criminal behavior, serving communities, patrolling high crime areas and helping citizen to feel safe in their homes. Domestic violence has force officers to investigate patterns of abusive behavior in sexual situation and domest ic violence within homes. Some cultures believe domestic violence to be a natural occurrence and this make it hard for officers to solve and prevent domestic violence. Companies have used local law enforcement to aid them in cases where working involves in these situations at work and there’s a need for police intervention when necessary. I think women are the mostly affected by domestic violence and there’s a need to protect them. In the police department today there are domestic polices to help protect people in violent situations. Police Department conducts background checks and they search for anyone involved in domestic violence, abuse to a child, neglect of a minor and any other possible past or existing court cases that could be related to these incidents. The two things for all officers to do are to protect and serve the people. The combination of these agencies gives our nation a good feeling of what freedom is all about. Since they work hand and hand trainin g has to be at the top of their list to improve their skills with good intelligence and proper monitoring systems. Both of these agencies collect and analyze data to be able to infiltrate groups to take

DNA The Thread of Life Essay Example For Students

DNA: The Thread of Life Essay The thread of life, is deoxyribonucleic acid, otherwise known as DNA. It is the spiral shaped molecule found in the nucleus of cells. Scientists haveknown since 1952 that DNA is the basic substance of heredity. This washypothesized, and later confirmed by James D. Watson and Francis Crick. Theyalso know that it acts like a biological computer program over 3 billion bitslong that spells out instructions for making the basic building blocks of life. DNA carries the bodies genetic code, controls the development of an embryo,is capable of duplicating itself, and is able to repair damage to itself. DNAcan be manipulated to change all kinds of things. All DNA molecules consist of a linked series of unites callednucleotides. Each DNA nucleotide is composed of 3 subunits: a 5 carbon sugarcalled deoxyribose, a phosphate group that is joined to one end of the sugarmolecule, and one of several different nitrogenous bases linked to the oppositeend of the deoxyribose. There are 4 nitrogen bases called adenine, guanine,thymine, and cytosine. In DNA adenine pairs with thymine and guanine withcytosine. Medicines ability to diagnose continues to exceed its ability to treator cure. For example, Huntingtons Chorea is an inherited disease that developsbetween the ages of 30 and 45, can be diagnosed before any symptoms appear. This can be hard for both the individuals with the disease and their family. There is a 3 billion dollar project underway right now called the HumanGenome Project, a 15 year program to make a detailed map of every single gene inhuman DNA. With automated cloning equipment to steer scientists through the DNA,scientists are finding human genes at the rate of more than one a day. This maynot sound like very much but as technology increases the rate at finding themwill increase. Since January 1993 to January 1994 scientists have located thegenes for Huntingtons disease, Lou Gehrigs disease, and the bubble-boydisease. Scientists are expected to find the first breast cancer gene any weeknow. Even with the best tools of today, the progress is full of surprises. Human DNA is not like that of plants, in which the trait of color of a flower isdetermined by one gene.Even the color of a human eye can involve theinteraction of several genes. Some complex genes, such as cystic fibrosis, cango wrong in any number of places. Scientists have already accounted for 350places where the cystic fibrosis gene mutates, and more are being uncoveredweekly. Many environmental factors, some physical, others chemical, can alterthe structure of a DNA molecule. A mutation occurs when such alterations leadto a permanent change in the base sequence of a DNA molecule. Mutations resultin an inherited change in a protein synthesis. DNA is damaged by exposure toultraviolet (UV) light. The DNA does have the ability to repair it self,however. DNA can also be used to match suspects in a crime. Each persons DNA isdifferent from everyone else, except in the case of identical twins in which itis identical. By comparing substances left at a crime scene (blood or semensamples) law enforcement agencies are able to match the DNA at the crime scenewith a certain suspect. A recent example of this is the O.J. Simpson case, inwhich the lawyers are trying to match up O.J.s DNA with the DNA in the bloodfound at the crime scene. Many questions have been raised by a number of people and scientistsabout the ethics of DNA research. It was once feared that the insertion of adisease causing substance could cause a deadly epidemic in the generalpopulation upon accidental release. But, since 1973 when they first used thetechnique it has been transferred thousands of times without any of the fearedcatastrophes occurring. But, still there are many questions remaining to beanswered. Is it right for people to change their babies eye color, or anyother aspect of their baby? Should employers be allowed to see your DNA, to seeif you are at risk for a certain disease? Category: Science

Strategic And Business Policy Management -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Strategic And Business Policy Management? Answer: Introduction Strategic management refers to efficient management of organizations resources in order to fulfill the strategic objectives of the business. Strategic management involves setting objectives, allocating resources to these objectives, devising an action plan and ensuring that the management rolls out strategies across the organization (Wheelen Hunger, 2017). Strategic management differs from traditional approaches to management owing to its tactical nature. Decision makers of leading organizations consider external as well as internal environment while strategizing the plan for the firm. The essential purpose of strategic management is to ensure that companies are competitive and stand out in the industry of operation (Rothaermel, 2015). This also involves internal and external communications of the business so as to ensure transparent flow of information. The advent of strategic management is seen in various aspects of different businesses. With the increasing globalization, digitization and changing scenarios, it is important the organizations also adapt themselves to the environment. Therefore the change in the strategic decisions of the firm was imperative and largely recommended. This discipline was originated in 1950s and among various contributors to the same, Peter Drucker, Alfred Chandler and Igor Ansoff have played important roles (Grant, 2016). Over a period of time, strategic management has grown and developed into a separate field of study. Managers today are conducting various processes and adopting various strategies in order to enhance their performance and market power. Businesses conduct SWOT analysis to analyze their internal and external environment, PESTLE analysis is conducted to gain a deeper insight about the operating industry of the business and similarly Michel Porters five force model enables companies to gauge the competitiveness of the market. All these tools which are widely used today are all gifts of strategic management. This has changed the face of organizational management and has led to various organizations growing leaps and bounds and making a significant mark on the industry of operation. This report throws light on the importance of strategic management as well as three approaches of the same. The approaches covered in this report are stakeholder approach, industry organization approach as well as dynamic capabilities approach to strategic management. The benefits, limitations, viability as well as implementation issues for all of them are discussed for deeper understanding. Examples have been provided as and when required. Approaches to Strategic Management There are various approaches to strategic management and different companies adopt different approaches. This is due to the different nature of businesses in different industries. No single approach can be used for all the organizations due to the difference of resources, leadership and culture of the business. The three important approaches to strategic management are as below: Stakeholder approach Freeman (1984) has been largely credited behind this theory and its inception. Stakeholder management approach was also given by Ian Mitroff in his book Stakeholders of the organizational mind published in 1983. As the name denotes, this particular approach to strategic management keeps all the stakeholders of the business in the center. Stakeholders of any business includes all the people who are directly or indirectly related to the business. These include customers, employees, investors, media personnel, government bodies as well as unions. This approach ensures that the strategy development as well as performance assessment of any business revolve around its stakeholder expectations (Tantalo Priem, 2016). There are various businesses who follow this approach and they believe that the success of any organization depends on their stakeholders. If all the stakeholders of the business are truly satisfied and their needs are appropriately fulfilled, then the growth and development of the business is inevitable. The first step in this approach is to identify the exact needs of all the stakeholders, followed by analyzing and strategizing how the business can work towards fulfilling those expectations (Johnson, 2017). Viability of the approach: The approach is currently adopted by various businesses and has proved to be successful. However, it is difficult for the approach to be viable for every business especially those with clashing stakeholder interests. Suggested benefits: This approach has proved to be largely beneficial and effective for various leading organizations today. Such an approach by any business enhances the goodwill and the brand positioning of the firm. When the organization values its stakeholders then it builds a relationship of mutual respect and the stakeholders in turn work for the benefit of the organization. Secondly, in the process of identifying the needs of the stakeholders and defining objectives of the firm, communication among stakeholders improves and leads to transparency, effective flow of information as well as trust (Weiss, 2014). Lastly, a stakeholder approach to strategic management keeps the firm well aware in a 360 degree perspective and hence prevents the possibility of an unwanted or unforeseen risk to the firm. Implementation issues: Implementing any strategic management approach is largely difficult. Stakeholder approach may be faced with the following issues: Stakeholders may have conflicting interests. Then it will be difficult for the firm to formulate objectives and strategies which align all stakeholder expectations appropriately (Minoja, 2012). Difficulty in communication is a major issue associated with stakeholder theory as it is not always easy to be able to communicate with all the stakeholders and gauge their exact expectations from the firm. Limitations: The limitations associated with stakeholder theory are as below: First of all it is difficult to legitimately identify and list down all the stakeholders of the company. According to analysts, competitors are also stakeholders of the firm. Yet, practically it is difficult to focus on competitor expectations while formulating strategies of the business. No matter which strategies are applied, some stakeholders will always be benefitted more than other stakeholders. This may often lead to conflicts (Verbeke Tung, 2013). It is difficult for the firm to prioritize stakeholders in case of a conflict. Industrial organizational approach The industrial organizational approach of strategic management is based on economic theory. This theory asserts that the external environment and factors affecting the firm are more important than internal ones (Waldmen Jensen, 2016). This is specifically true with the objective of gaining competitive advantage in the industry. This approach asserts that the organizational performance largely depends on the industry variables and those should be kept in mind while devising organizational strategies. This approach helps firms in gaining a 360 degree status of their external environment and strategies their future actions by keeping that in mind. Such an approach is expected to help organizations maximize their revenues by gaining a deeper insight on the industrial environment (Gupta, 2013). This approach is largely adopted by pharmaceutical companies. For example, Glaxo Welcome produces a drug Zantac which is used for treating ulcers and heartburn. The drug is sold at a significantly higher price as compared to its manufacturing cost. This has been possible because Glaxo owns a large number of patents that exhibits other pharmaceutical companies from manufacturing a similar drug. This approach adopted by the company by taking advantage of the available information of its external environment has helped the business increase generated revenues as well as earn a market leadership. Viability of the approach: This approach however is not entirely viable in the longer run. In the above example also, it must be noted that Novopharma has won the permission from the US federal court to manufacture a generic version of the drug. Therefore, it is important that organizations weigh the benefits of the approach as well as its long term viability while industrially approaching strategic decision making. Suggested benefits: There are various benefits that are associated with the adoption of this approach to strategic management. Increased awareness of external environment helps the firm analyze its strengths and weaknesses and hence leads to improved growth (Shabanova Ismagilova, 2015). Industrial environment approach allows the company to remain prepared for unforeseen risks arising due to external environment. This approach assists firms in gaining a competitive advantage in the industry which eventually leads to improved performance and enhanced brand value (Campbell, Coff Kryscynski, 2012). Such an approach assists businesses in enhancing their market power. Implementation issues: In the process of adopting industrial organization approach to strategic management, there are various issues that may be faced by the company. Firstly, it will be difficult for the company to gather all the required information in order to be so deeply aware of the industry and secondly it may not always be possible for businesses to possess all the necessary resources to gain the competitive advantage after having all the information. Limitations: This approach as well has a few limitations as given below: Lack of importance given to the internal stakeholders of the business may affect performance of the firm. Increasingly available industry information and the quest to become market leaders may lure businesses into unethical practices. Dynamic Capabilities approach Dynamic capabilities approach of any business is based on the idea that the firm is capable to build, integrate and reconfigure its external as well as internal competencies in order to address its changing environment (Teece, 2012). This approach underlines that a firm must be adaptive to the ever changing business, economic, social or political environment that the business operates in. The strategies adopted by the firm change with the change in the environment and hence the organization becomes better prepared for unforeseen circumstances. In the vividly changing scenario of the world, it is important that businesses can also become flexible with their approaches. Hence such a strategy will enable the company to be prepared at all times. No doubt, in order to accomplish the same, the business needs additional resources and improved competencies. However, such an approach is largely adopted and recommended by leading businesses. The two big examples of companies demonstrating dynamic capabilities are Apple and IBM. They are both technological innovators and have consistently worked upon improving their offering to suit the changing consumer needs. Viability of the approach: The dynamic capability approach is largely viable and highly effective in the changing business scenarios that exist today. The approach in fact is sure to lead the organization to success in the future. Suggested benefits: Given the speed with which the business environment changes, it is largely beneficial to adopt and implement an approach which provides the firm with the needed flexibility to suit the changing environment (Beske, 2012). The benefits of this approach are as below: Such an approach provides the business a competitive advantage and hence leads to improved performance. Dynamic capabilities approach leads to continuous innovation and hence improved offerings (Peteraf, Stefano Verona, 2013). Dynamic capabilities approach enhances firms goodwill and brand positioning. Implementation issues: The biggest issue faced by the organization while implementing this approach is the lack of resources. It is not always possible for the firm to obtain, sustain or possess enough financial, technological or human resources so as to be able to consistently adapt to the changing environment. The second issue faced is the inability or the inefficiency of the firm to predict all the changes in the environment that is expected to impact the firm. Limitations: the limitations associated with dynamic capabilities approach of strategic management are as below: Inability of all the stakeholders of the organization to adapt to the changing strategies of the business. Lack of availability of resources technological, human, financial or knowledge. Conclusion Strategic management is the most empowering as well as disrupting change brought about in the business world. It refers to the idea of tactically defining the company strategies in order to accomplish well thought of objectives. Leading businesses today are adopting strategic management approaches to improve performance, maximize revenues, enhance brand value and ensure effective stakeholder returns (Hill, Jones Schilling, 2014). Strategies are being adopted in different functional segments of the business. These include human resource management, operations management, financial management, risk management and stakeholder management. The strategic nature of the policies and objectives adopted by the company are giving them an advantage in the face of increasing competition in all leading industries. Every company adopts a different strategy as it may deem useful. This report has explained the three leading approaches to strategic management, their benefits, limitations as well as implementation issues. References Beske, P., 2012. Dynamic capabilities and sustainable supply chain management.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management,42(4), pp.372-387. Campbell, B.A., Coff, R. and Kryscynski, D., 2012. Rethinking sustained competitive advantage from human capital.Academy of Management Review,37(3), pp.376-395. Freeman, R.E. (1984) Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach, Pitman, Boston Grant, R.M., 2016.Contemporary strategy analysis: Text and cases edition. John Wiley Sons. Gupta, A., 2013. Environmental and pest analysis: An approach to external business environment.Merit Research Journal of Art, Social Science and Humanities,1(2), pp.13-17. Hill, C.W., Jones, G.R. and Schilling, M.A., 2014.Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Johnson, G., 2017.Exploring strategy: text and cases. Pearson. Minoja, M., 2012. Stakeholder management theory, firm strategy, and ambidexterity.Journal of Business Ethics,109(1), pp.67-82. Peteraf, M., Di Stefano, G. and Verona, G., 2013. The elephant in the room of dynamic capabilities: Bringing two diverging conversations together.Strategic management journal,34(12), pp.1389-1410. Rothaermel, F.T., 2015.Strategic management. India. McGraw-Hill Education. Shabanova, L.B., Ismagilova, G.N., 2015. PEST-Analysis and SWOT-Analysis as the most important tools to strengthen the competitive advantages of commercial enterprises.Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences,6(3), p.705. Tantalo, C. and Priem, R.L., 2016. Value creation through stakeholder synergy.Strategic Management Journal,37(2), pp.314-329. Teece, D.J., 2012. Dynamic capabilities: Routines versus entrepreneurial action.Journal of Management Studies,49(8), pp.1395-1401. Verbeke, A. and Tung, V., 2013. The future of stakeholder management theory: A temporal perspective.Journal of Business Ethics,112(3), pp.529-543... Waldman, D. and Jensen, E., 2016.Industrial organization: theory and practice. Routledge. Weiss, J.W., 2014.Business ethics: A stakeholder and issues management approach. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Wheelen, T.L. and Hunger, J.D., 2017.Strategic management and business policy. London. Pears