Advertising to Emotions Essay Example

Advertising to Emotions Essay Example Advertising to Emotions Essay Advertising to Emotions Essay Advertising to Your Emotions When a message is transmitted through the media by way of advertising, it can provoke many emotions in the audience. Often times advertising can strike a cord with people and reach them through their insecurities and guilt in an effort to persuade them into buying something that they believe they need. An advertisement can very easily play on someones emotions to get him or her interested and hooked into their product before the person even realizes it. No advertisement is more effective than one that makes you feel something because of how emotion and Emory are tightly linked together. When we watch television, we are usually so caught up into the TV show or movie that we dont even realize how vulnerable our minds can be. Lets say youre watching your favorite movie and a commercial comes on; this commercial starts off with very sad, slow music and someone starts speaking in a soft, calm voice. Most of us would make the connection that its a commercial about the ASPIC needing donations to save unwanted animals and we immediately start to feel sad and guilty that we cant do anything about it. Id be willing to bet each animal lover that sees that commercial automatically think of their own pets and begin the What if Chain of thoughts. Guilt can be one of the most damaging and motivating emotions one could experience. If you had no intention in donating money to an organization like the ASPIC before, but all of a sudden decided to after watching a heart wrenching commercial, then they got you good. That right there is the key to bringing in their donations. Not to say donating isnt a wonderful thing to do, but playing on ones motions can almost guarantee more donations than not. According to an article written March 19, 2013 titled, The Truth About ASPIC, detonators bring in about 150 million dollars annually. Wicked there be nearly as much money if they didnt have those commercials to make everyone feel so sad? Who knows? The advertising we are confronted with on a daily basis tries to persuade us into believing that we need (or do not need) a particular product or service. Lets look at another example: This is an advertisement showing how much better life can be for your dog when e/she is in shape and healthy. The physical attributes of this advertisement is what makes it so appealing considering most dog owners want their dogs to be healthy. This ad however shows skinny dogs engaging in human-like sexual acts as the fat dog watches, which gives it a certain level of humor but still sadness. Yes, this ad is designed to be funny but its also designed for humans to remember how over weight people are Judged and play on the desires to lose weight. It plays on your emotions to automatically make you feel that your dog is fat and would be happier if e/she lost weight. Right then youre hooked, because then what you might do is try to find the product they are selling and be interested in buying it so that you dont Tell guilty Not only ten product Itself out perhaps a new lease Ana collar, let treats, and dog toys to get your dog more physically active. This type of advertisement could actually create a domino affect from one product to another. Advertisements that bring out the negative emotions sort of give consumers a deep connection with the ad and possibly even the product. However, creating these advertisements also risks creating negative associations with that brand. Some people who come across those sad commercials might Just turn the station or channel so they dont have to hear it or see it; then there is very little chance that advertising product or service will receive a profit. Its those consumers who automatically associate the advertisement with negative thoughts and actions that help the product or service decline in profit. So why do they go through the depressing steps of advertising? Simple, it works. According to an article on Scenically. Mom, When consumers are interested in an ad, they are better able to devote mental resources to thinking about it. Therefore advertising aimed at interested consumers can tap into more complicated emotions, such as bittersweet nostalgia, anxiety, and guilt. Advertisements with positive emotions and uplifting events, outcomes, or people will not always enhance persuasion more than ads with sad and downh earted emotions. For example, when it comes to funny advertisements, if too much of the ad is focused on humor, people ay not even notice who the advertiser is. To go into a little more detail, a company called Ace Matrix and their team looked at every national commercial from January 2011 to March 2012 to measure the effectiveness of humor in advertising. What they found was that funny commercials were more appealing but in actuality were not more effective in convincing viewers to buy their product. The attention and likeability was high; however, low information and relevance on many funny ads resulted in lower desire for the product than non-funny ads. Negative emotions at he start can grab the viewers attention and draw them in to the ad; then turning points can define memorable branding moments. By traumatizing a problem that your brand will solve, negative emotions will actually drive motivation. After writing this paper I was then curious enough to see if negative over positive emotions actually won over my memory and it did. Every commercial I remember from the past is sad in some form of way. The ASPIC/animal shelter commercials, children in 3rd world countries seeking donations, even the Saleslady commercial room last years super bowl came to mind. Then when I try to think of a funny commercial from the past, I really have to sit and think for a while; nothing immediately came to mind. When it comes to these certain advertisements I now realize I am exactly the demographic the companies shoot for. I love animals and those in need of homes in combination with sad music Just rips me to pieces. What is even more ironic is that I actually do donate to shelters in need. In that sense, I can see how advertisers using negative emotions can appeal to consumers to get them to buy their product.

dead stars essays

dead stars essays The story is focused in the life of Alfredo Salazar, who is the son of Don Julian and the brother of Carmen, who is a lawyer and engaged to Esparanza to whom he is deeply in love with until he met Julia Salas who made him confused about his love for his fianc. Alfredo met Julia in Judge Del Valles house, a friend of his father, who is his sister-in-law. He was puzzled with her smile every time he addresses her and he was charmed with her speaking voice. The daily routine of Alfredo and his father every Sunday morning after the mass is to go to the judges house that made Alfredo and Julia closer and know each better. He forgot that for several Sundays, he had not waited for Esperanza to come out of the church and he was already beginning to lie about his neighboring stuff. This is the beginning of his attraction to Julia. Esperanza did not enter in the picture because she was not prone to unprovoked jealousies that made Alfredo entertain the feeling towards Julia. When Don Julian invited the judge to Tanda, where he has a coconut plantation, a house, and a beach, they had this goodbye conversation because Julias parents want her to spend Holy week with them. The line The end of the impossible dream! meaning they have to be apart soon, pro ves that Alfredo is really in love with her. The time when Alfredo felt a violent commotion in his heart that he did not feel for Esperanza when he saw her is already a big problem because he will be soon married. He was already lying with his feelings but he still keeps his word to Esperanza. At the end of chapter two, the conversation is cut when Esperanza went out weeping with what his fianc had said. This situation made Alfredo think of what must be done. In chapter three, the paragraph started about Alfredo going to Santa Cruz, where he would defend a case and how it would disturb him because Julias lake town is ...

Bargaining Power And Strategic Management In Business Case Study

Bargaining Power And Strategic Management In Business - Case Study Example Suppliers would have low bargaining power as they risk losing the account of one of their largest customers if the client is not satisfied by the terms offered. With many suppliers being present in the industry, it would be very easy for asos.com to switch suppliers thus weakening the position of suppliers in the market. Bargaining Power of Customers Asos.com is heavily reliant on the internet as its main channel of distribution. It does not have a presence as a traditional brick-and-mortar store and thus needs to target a young, fashion-conscious market segment and provide them with an interactive, pleasurable online shopping experience in order to drive sales. Secondly, the number of internet buyers in the UK has increased tremendously and with internet access spreading and the number of retailers offering online services also increasing at a fast pace, customers have more options to seek out the bet prices and switch firms, thus providing them with significant buying power over fi rms and minimizing the risk of exploitation. Fashion retailing being very concentrated in nature and the fact that asos.com does not have any differential advantage over its rivals suggests that the industry is highly competitive and customers exert a lot of influence over firms in the industry and dictate buying patterns. The threat of New Entrants A quick look at the group profits tells us that the industry is a highly attractive one and opportunity seekers will find it quite a lucrative industry to enter into. Thus profitability might eventually decrease if the number of players operating in the market increases further. However, it must be noted that customer loyalty, access to distribution, achieving economies of scale and capital requirements might present significant barriers to entry.

Faisal - Operational and process management Essay

Faisal - Operational and process management - Essay Example The paper also described views on how this company can better their stand in the crowded footwear industry and end up being a stronger competitor to its key challenges in its business environment. The paper presented a number of models and theories for both the analysis of the prevalent systems at Crocs, and offered insights on how they can integrate into success and create a more stable company. The paper also portrayed different perspectives by providing postulations against vertical integration as strategy to gain competitive advantage. 1.0 Introduction Crocs, Inc. was initiated in the year 2002 in Colorado and is arguably one of today’s fastest growing brands and organisations at the world level. The company initially produced footwear for all age categories under the same brand and is now sold well in over 100 countries. The brand features a special kind of plastic that is softened by body heat of the individual wearing the shoe, resulting in high degree of comfort. Sales for the company jumped 256% in 2006 (Thompson, 2006). There has been much discussion about Crocs’ success and besides the popularity of its shoes, the major reasons for the enormous growth of the company has been its efficient chain supply management. Crocs, Inc. has shown that being flexible and being focused on digressing from the conventional norms of the industry, they could achieve more success and profits than their peers (Ashkanasy and Wilderom). This efficiency was the result of their Chief Executive Officer’s vision of satisfying customers by developing an ultra efficient process of production that would facilitate the company to make and supply at short notice, hence creating a competitive advantage in the industry. The Crocs supply chain has been revolutionary in footwear production but there is need to evolve in line with changes in the global industry environment. In the long run, a conventionally thinking organisation has no future. Alteration in technol ogy, delivery procedures, customer demands, and legislative policies demand that a company focuses on its core competencies rather than venturing into all possible diversification schemes. 2.0 Industry analysis By the use of the Product Life Cycle (PLC) concept (Waters and Water, 1999), it is quite visible that the footwear industry as a whole is near saturation and this is likely to run for a long time. It is least likely that the demand for footwear will fall significantly but there are possibilities that with the development of cheaper and more durable products, the industry’s profitability will decline after some time. Using the following Five Forces Model analysis of the global footwear market, the following observations can be made. 2.1 Entry Barriers Entry barriers are engineered to elbow out potential starters from entering a market. These barriers seek to serve the monopoly powers of the incumbent organisations in that industry, thereby maintaining monopoly margins. Some known barriers include limit pricing, patents, cost advantages as well as marketing and advertising among others. This industry appears to offer relatively easy entry for new participants. The advantages of cost are fairly low with quite a large number of players locally and globally. However, it is worth noting that the manufacturers have significantly easy access to factors of production, particularly raw

Business College Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business College - Essay Example Therefore, in order to understand these markets, it is important for the western country to comprehend these differences from country to country by using the five contexts of framework. The five contexts include a country's social and political arrangements, openness, product, labor, and capital markets. Business executives can form their strategies around this by asking questions that relate to the five contexts, and thus begin to develop upon the country's individual strengths. While doing this, it is also important for the business to measure the positives and negatives of forming a relationship with this country. If they discover that the negatives outweigh the positives, other aspects may need to be considered. It is a good idea to link social performance targets to executive competition, in the researcher's opinion. Social performance targets give the company an overall goal and focus when entering into any new business strategy or plan, and therefore help to give the company a stronger approach to accomplishment. Competition, and certainly executive competition, is always a good way to trigger the best and brightest ideas. By allowing executive competition, hopefully the best ideas and goals will come into play in the atmosphere of the business. With this occurring, the business could then link social performance targets to executive competition, seeing which goals are the best, and figuring out the direction the company would need to take in order to proceed and reach the best possible goals. Thus, competition should put forth several good options, and the social performance target can then be chosen and used to provide solid direction. Question 2. a. Companies have used centralized Organizational Structures. However, the current organizational trends are to change then into lean, flatter decentralized structures. Describe briefly some of these changes taking place in the organizations. Decentralization removes the focus of power, or shifts the focus of power, from few individuals to more individuals. The concept allows for power to be spread out more equally in the business, thus allowing individuals to all have a part of company decision making. Decentralization still relies on authority for decision making, but it also must rely on lateral relationships rather than a direct order from above. More and more companies are chosing to use decentralization because it brings many minds into the framework. With several people in the decision making strategy, the hope is that many ideas will come to light, and that way, the best of these ideas can be chosen and acted upon. Therefore, these industries are seeking what is best for the business. Many of these companies are therefore spreading out power as well as the decision making process instead of putting all of the power in the hands of a few individuals. While this process may make decision making take longer, the hope is that for the company, it will provide the best possible answers and

Impact of Illness and Disability on Child Learning

Impact of Illness and Disability on Child Learning Assignment 5 1. Describe a range of chronic illnesses and physical difficulties that children may experience, explaining how chronic illnesses and disabilities can impact on children’s learning and development. You should make reference to how the setting can adapt their practice to support children’s learning and development and identify the professionals that may be involved in supporting children with chronic and physical disabilities. All children will likely have many different health problems during infancy and childhood, but for most children these problems are mild, they come and go, and they do not interfere with their daily life and development. For some children, however, chronic health conditions affect everyday life throughout childhood. A chronic illness affects your child’s normal activities, and requires lots of hospitalizations and/or home health care and/or extensive medical care. There are different types of chronic conditions. I have chosen to describe some of these and their impact on the child’s learning and development. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways, associated with widespread, variable outflow obstruction. The symptoms are that the child can have difficulty breathing, tightness in the chest, they wheeze and they can cough It is reported in Patient UK that ‘The UK has one of the highest prevalence’s for childhood asthma internationally, with about 15% children affected. An asthma attack is when something irritates your lungs and your airways narrower making it difficult to breathe. The triggers could be colds, flu, exercising, pollution or allergies to dust, animals and pollen. Children with chronic asthma will feel different than other children because their activities may be limited, and, in many cases, their families must change how they live to accommodate the child and also the practitioners . For example asthma could affect the child’s sleeping patterns making them tired and unable to concentrate. This may delay their intellectual development and they may show negative behaviour. If the child cannot partake in strenuous activities it can affect their motor skills. This may lead to a delay in their physical development and they may not being able to participate in sports. This could make them feel socially excluded. Also if a child uses daily inhalers which contain steroidal medicines could restrict their growth. The child’s doctor should produce a ‘personal asthma plan which should inform you what medication the child is on. When they are doing this the child and their parents should be involved and it should be renewed every year. A child has a special need if they ‘come from a social group whose circumstances or background are different from most of the school population. (Frederick and Cline,2002:36) Another chronic illness is diabetes. Net Docter states that 90%-95% of children under 16 years old will have Type 1 diabetes which is caused by the inability of the pancreas to produce the hormone insulin. This type is called an ‘autoimmune disease’ were the body immune attacks one of its own organs or tissues. The symptoms are, feeling thirsty, tiredness, losing weight, frequent urination, stomach pain, headaches and changes in behaviour. When diabetes is diagnosed, your child should be referred to the regional specialist in childhood diabetics. If it is not treated the child’s eyes can be damaged with high levels of glucose within their blood, the small blood vessels within the nerves can be damaged. Stinging and burning sensations throughout the child’s limbs, vomiting and diarrhoea could happen. The child’s vision can become damaged and be blocked. With this blockage it could prevent light passing through the retina and cause permanent damage to the eyesight. Diabetes can increase the danger of the heart diseases or having a stroke. The blood glucose level is the amount of glucose in the blood. Glucose is the main source of energy for the bodys cells and is carried to each cell through the bloodstream. The hormone insulin allows the glucose to get into the cells. In type 1 diabetes, the body can no longer make insulin, so the glucose cant get into the bodys cells. This causes the blood glucose level to rise. Treatment goals for kids with diabetes are to control the condition in a way that minimizes symptoms, prevents short- and long-term health problems, and helps them to have normal physical, mental, emotional, and social growth and development. To do this, parents and kids should aim for the goal of keeping blood sugar levels as close to normal as possible. In general, kids with type 1 diabetes need to take insulin as prescribed. They should eat a healthy, balanced diet, paying special attention to the amount of carbohydrates in each meal and the diabetes meal plan. Also to monitor blood sugar levels several t imes a day an get regular physical activity. Following the treatment plan helps kids stay healthy, but treating diabetes isnt the same as curing it. Right now, theres no cure for diabetes, so kids with type 1 diabetes will need treatment for the rest of their lives. But with proper care, they should look and feel healthy and go on to live long, productive lives, just like other kids To adapt your practice you should identify a member of staff who will be trained to help if a student has a ‘hyper attack’. This person needs to comeand see the diabetic student as soon as symptoms start to appear as with a severe hypo they may become unconscious. Call an ambulance as quickly as possible. Encourage them to participate in all aspects of school life but help them to manage my diet and exercise needs. Before and after any physical activity make sure they test their glucose levels and have a snack if necessary A sugary drink or glucose tablets kept nearby will be helpful if they experience a hypo. It is important that designated staff is trained to give insulin injections. A good point. There are a designated number of professionals known as the diabetic care team. The people involved in this team are paediatrician who specialises in diabetics, a nurse, and dietician and child psychologist. The role off this team is to support the child and their family support to enable them to live a full and normal lifestyle by helping with testing the blood glucose levels, instructions in giving insulin injections, a healthy diet, exercise, emotional support and advice. Another chronic illness is epilepsy. A number of things can cause epilepsy. These include brain damage or a brain malformation. Some people who have damage to their brain or a brain malformation may have behaviour problems. Epilepsy can be caused by a brain tumour or meningitis. . In the hours or even a few days before a seizure, a child’s mood or behavior may also change. This is called a prodrome. Children who have frequent seizures have prodrome symptoms more often than children with better seizure control. It’s quite usual for a child who has focal (partial) seizures to appear to be behaving differently. These behaviours mayinclude gagging, lip smacking, running, screaming, crying, and/or laughing. They may not be conscious of what they are doing, but they are in fact having a seizure. After a seizure it’s quite usual for a child to be confused, have a headache, feel sleepy of have problems with vision and speech. It can cause a change in the child’s behavior and they may have delusions or hallucinations. A paediatric neurologists or a paediatric specialist in epilepsy will diagnose epilepsy in children and a care management plan together will be agreed with the parents and the child. There are various medicines to help the child with epilepsy but these can cause side effects such as sleepiness, irritability, mood changed and confusion. Most children with epilepsy can lead a normal life but they have a greater risk of developing learning difficulties. They may benefit with one to one support because they have little retention span. A risk assessment is needed to enable professionals putting in control measures from the risks identified. Some children have various physical disabilities. One physical disability is Cystic Fibrosis. A child with Cystic Fibrosis has a faulty gene that affects lungs and the digestive system. Poor growth is one of the first signs of Cystic Fibrosis. A child with Cystic Fibrosis makes thick mucus within the respiratory tract, which can make them suffer from nasal congestion, sinus problems, wheezing, and asthma like symptoms. As the symptoms progress, they can develop a chronic cough that produces globs of thick, heavy, discolored mucus. They also may suffer from repeated lung infections. It can also affect the liver, the sweat glands, and the reproductive organs. The symptoms can emerge in the child’s first year. Today you can get screening as part of the NHS newborn screening programme.. Children with Cystic Fibrosis will not require any special adaptations but it is important that you teach the importance of a healthy diet. It is important you allow a child with Cystic Fibrosis extra time to eat during lunch, to snack throughout the school day and to take enzymes and nutritional supplements to increase calories Children with this physical disability may have a lot of absence of school and therefore their school work may suffer and this may cause a delay in their intellectual development. The professionals involved with children who have Cystic Fibrosis is a physiotherapist. They provide the child with different techniques to loosen the mucus that builds up within their lungs and digestive system. One technique is teaching the child stretching and exercises because with the child persistently coughing with the build- up of mucus their muscles in their chest and shoulders can become tight and weak. Stretching and exercising should promote good posture and keep the muscles mobile. Caring for a child with Cystic Fibrosis can be tough at times, but parents need not feel alone. Doctors can usually refer them to a local support group linked to the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation. Another physical disability is Spina Bifida. This is a congenital defect of the spine in which part of the spinal cord and it’s meninges are exposed through a gap in the backbone. It often causes paralysis of the lower limbs, and sometimes learning difficulties. Children with this display symptoms that can fall into three categories. The first one is Cognitive Development. The brain of a child with Spina Bifida may not develop fully and 50% of the children with this condition will develop learning difficulties. They will have difficulties in problem solving, have little concentration span, understanding spoken language, have difficulty reading and have poor co-ordination skills. In order to develop interventions that will result in better long term outcomes researchers at the Children’s Learning Institute (CLI) have been studying children with spina bifida to see how they perform on language and cognitive skills compared to typically developing peers. This research is creating a new understanding of spina bifida to help create effective solutions for everyday learning in spite of this condition. Another symptom is mobility. Children with spina bifida often have some form of paralysis in their lower limbs and will need support with the ir mobility. The third symptom is they have bladder and bowel difficulties. This means that they are incontinent and this is a common difficulty associated with spins bifida Practices can be adapted by making sure where possible and necessary, lifts or ramps should be used to allow the child to gain access †¢ to the building, and play areas within the building. Toilets should also be fully accessible and free from clutter. Also try to ensure that doors are wide enough and easy enough for the child to open. Obviously it may not be possible to install, but automatic doors and those that involve a touch switch would be more beneficial for the child to operate, instead of having to rely on someone else giving them access. It is good practice that the layout of furniture within the classroom that there is sufficient space for the child to move around and there are handrails on walls to support the child. Two children’s views are Yes, they should come into our class, because they are only human with a wheelchair, and a wheelchair is like a bike, so it’s a person with a bike. Yes, because children come to school to learn and a wheelchair does not stop them learning (Hodkinson, 2007a:71) Every child with severe spina bifida will need extensive and intricate care. This requires the involvement of a specially trained team of professionals. Included in this care team are paediatricians, neurosurgeons, orthopaedic surgeons, neurologists, endocrinologists, urologists, physical medicine specialists, physical therapists, orthotics specialists, occupational therapists, psychologists, nurses, dieticians and social workers among others. Ideally, the child with spina bifida should receive care at a specialised multidisciplinary spina bifida setting where all the necessary specialists are and services can be delivered in a coordinated fashion. These specialists will collaborate with your primary care clinician. Professionals within the education system will be important to develop a health plan at school, ensure appropriate physical supports in the school setting including mobility, access to the classroom, and adapted physical education, provide specialized educational supports when needed, and plan for the transition to adulthood. Visual Impairments this is when a person has sight loss that cannot be fully corrected using glasses or contact lenses. This can be caused by congenital birth defect, an accident or an illness, genetic condition and complications of epilepsy, down syndrome and severe conjunctivitis. It can affect have an impact on the general development of a child in three areas. Firstly physical skills and mobility for example when a child exploring is harder and as a result physical skills can be delayed. Secondly is communication skills , this is more difficult because a child learns communication skills by their ability to interpret, looks at body language , gestures and facial expressions . Lastly their independence because it is harder to carry out everyday tasks including self help skills. You can make many modifications for the visually impaired student. Books on tape can replace textbooks. Tape recorders can capture lectures or assist in composition. Computers can help compose papers, while voice synthesizers can read each page back to the student. Partners assigned within the classroom can provide specific assistance such as help with gathering materials and organizing for work. You must always make sure that in the classroom you organise the furniture appropriately within that setting and remove all obstacles such as toys. One to one work with their key worker can develop their skills and to enable them to build their self esteem and confidence. The ideology if inclusion should not be viewed as a new phenomenon indeed, its origins may be traced back to the early 1900s and the welfare pioneers who believed in a non-segregated schooling system (O’Brien, 2002) A child with visual impairment will have been referred by their GP to a paediatrics ophthalmogy department . The last physical disability is hearing impairment. This is when a child’s hearing is affected due to an underlying condition or injury. There are two different types of hearing loss. Conductive Hearing Loss which is blockage of the ear cause by wax or fluid. This is usually a temporary condition. The other is sensorineural hearing loss which is a problem with the inner ear or between the inner ear to the brain. When a young child has a hearing impairment it can be detrimental on the child’s development so the earlier it is detected the quicker they can obtain support. It can have an impact on their speech and language skills due to the child unable to hear what is being said to them. Because of this it can lead to the child’s developing learning skills so this stops them from achieving. Children with a hearing impairment find it hard to interact with other children. This can lead to them having no confidence and low self-respect. Hearing is what keeps us in touch with our world. It plays a significant role in expressing and receiving language. Hearing loss creates problems in how an individual expresses and receives language in turn causing social, communication, and educational problems (Hall, Oyer, Haas, 2001). Teachers need to make special considerations when teaching hearing-impaired children. Much of the consideration involves common sense that sharpens through close collaboration with the student, the student’s family, and the speech language pathologist (SLP). The student and student’s family can certainly offer the teacher support on a daily basis through constructive criticism of what is or isn’t working for the child in the classroom. You should ensure that the child has an optimal hearing and listening environment in the classroom. The child should sit close to the teacher to enable them to lip read what the teacher is saying. The teaching using facial expressions is good practice and good lighting to reinforce clear vision for the child. Teachers need to be sensitive to the social, academic, and emotional challenges a child with hearing loss has in any given day. Hall, Oyer, and Haas (2001) suggest that teachers support hard of hearing students by frequently c hecking to ensure the child understands information provided in class. When a child has complete loss of hearing there are other forms of communication. This could be Makaton or British Sign Language where the support worker can communicate with the child by signing, using their hands to communicate. Reference List Hodkinson A and Vickerman P (2009) Key Issues in Special Educational Needs and Inclusion Los Angeles Sage. Peer L and Reid Gavin (2012) Special Educational Needs A Guide for Inclusive Practice Los Angeles Sage. TEACH Magazine Sept 01.2010 p 5 Hall, B. J., Oyer, H. J., Haas, W. H. (2001). Speech Language Hearing Disorders: A guide for the teacher (3rd ed.). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn Bacon. O’Brien,T. (ed) (2002) Enabling Blue skiesdark Clouds, London Optimus Hodkison, A (2006) ‘Conceptions and misconceptions of inclusive practice. Research in Education, 76: 43-55 Hodkison, A (2006) ‘Conceptions and misconceptions of inclusive practice. Research in Education, 73: 15-29 Internet www.netdoctor.co.uk www.springerpub.com/chronic-illness-in-children www.apa.org/practice/resources/evidence/children

Gang Violence Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Gangs Teen Essays

Gang Violence Gangs are becoming a growing problem in American society. More young people are turning to gangs to solve problems in their lives. When youths join gangs they drop social activities with family, friends and school. Members fall behind their classmates in school and do not try. A study shows that less than 1% of gang bangers is literate1. Gangs destroy teenager lives and destroy their chances for a good education and happy life. Gangs are now a haven for rats.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Teenagers are joining gangs every day. They join gangs for many reasons. A former gang member known as G-Ball was very young when he joined a his gang. He and a friend would play a game. They would pose as gang members to be cool. Then police arrested him and other gang members for stealing cars. G-Ball never wanted to be a gang member he wanted to act and dress like one.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another former gang member, Alonzo, age 17 wanted to join a gang because he had nothing to do after school. Both he and G-Ball joined a gang by choice. Keith, age 17 was forced into a gang. If he didn't join, he'd be hunted down and killed by the gang members. When older family member already in a gang, younger siblings are often forced in.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many gangs use graffiti to show their power and to mark their turf. "Everywhere you go you see graffiti." Professor Allen Walker Read of Columbia University said, "The pen is mightier than the sword." Gangs in Parma are very active with the pen. They "tag" their property buildings and houses everywhere. Police want to know where all the parents are. Why aren't they doing anything about this? Many people in Parma want to know the answer to the same questions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cincinnati also has active gangs. "Graffiti is a creeping problem in every neighborhood and in and on public buildings" said Mayor Roxanne Qualls of Cincinnati said. Graffiti is so bad that Star Bank has donated $25,000 to have students to help clean up all the graffiti.2 The city made a group called the "E-Racers". These people are ready to clean up all the graffiti. The gangs set school buses on fire, tear-up park benches, and drive across lawns including the police station lawns.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Graffiti comes in many forms. Pictures are used to mark property (turf) but you may also see strange writing below it. They say to other gangs that they're the best, the number 1 gan... ...30 Jun. 1994. Breckenridge, Tom. "Gang graffiti makes its mark on Parma." The Plain Dealer 26 May 1994. Clinton, William J. "National Gang Violence Orivencion Week, 1994." The White House: Office of the President of the United States Sept. 10,1994 Internet. Delgado, Robert. "Anti-Gang Movement" Doug's Home Page Sept. 28, 1995. Internet. Gillispie, Mark. "Chicago gangs still thrive in the city of their birth" The Plain Dealer 12 Jan. 1992. Gillispie, Mark. "Federal agencies shift concentration to gangs" The Plain Dealer 19 Jan. 1992. Gillispie, Mark; Shepard, Paul. "Former gang members recall `gentler times`." The Plain Dealer 12 Jan, 1992. Gillispie, Mark; Shepard, Paul. "Suburban police hoping to nip gangs in the bud." The Plain Dealer 17 Jan 1992. Horswell, Cindy. "Gangs get a dressing down." Houston Chronicle 28 March 1992:1A+ Marrison, Benjamin. "Mayor seeks `New Cleveland`." The Plain Dealer 1 Feb., 1992. Neff, Jon. "On-line Guide to Gang Signs and Graffiti" Highway 51 1995 Internet Phoenix Police Department -- G.R.E.A.T. Phoenix Police Department Home Page 1994 Internet. Welson, Roger. "Off the wall" Natural History May 1993

Dear Reader For English Project

One of my favorite genres, that I think you will enjoy as well, is my short story because of it being yet a sarcastic but heart whelming mood put t o it. After writing that final word, it was probably one of the best feelings. The feel Eng of accomplishment quickly just set over but then realized I still had to write this letter for you guys. Oh, darn. My least favorite part about this project would be writing the movie review because of it being the one requiring the most work. So, there must be some wing enjoyed and that would definitely be writing my short story and free verse poem because I as just able to let all my thoughts out.For this project to be better, I mean it's already pretty dark n good, but for me it definitely would need more opportunities where I could let my thoughts out This project is a new experience for me, never had done something like this b cause I never could be as easygoing as I am in this letter. This project was a breeze, y SE there was the stress of me not finishing the project but with a couple of lamplighters I think the e final result of it is something to be proud of. Would I prefer a traditional essay over this prove CT?

Research Paper on GPS

Research Paper on GPS Introduction The topic of this study is related to the introduction of the Global Positioning System (GPS) in the United States (U.S) and its effect on the U.S in the past ten years. Purpose The purpose of the report is to analyse the political factors influencing the development and introduction of the GPS. Hughes (1991) views on technological development will be used to support the political influences that governed the introduction of the GPS. Winner’s (Beder 1998, p.72) theory will also be used to explain the relationship between these political factors with the GPS. This report will also use Basalla’s (1988) views on social needs and choices to provide an understanding towards the relationship that existed between the society and the GPS after it has been in operation. Scope The scope will only be covering the political influences that governed the introduction of the GPS and its development. The study will also analyse the social factors that affected the use of the GPS after its introduction. Other factors such as technical, geographic and environmental would not be covered by this study. Methods of Investigation Factual and technical books regarding the GPS would be used to support the study. Government reports from the U.S will also be used in aid to support the analysis of this study. Theories used in this study would be taken from the Engineering for Sustainability text. Background The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a radionavigation systems that have been created by the United States Department of Defence (Dod). The system is made up of a constellation of 24 satellites and its various ground stations. The series of satellites called â€Å"Nav star† orbits around the earth in several orbits. The navigation system uses radio frequencies sent out by the series of satellites which can locate a position where a transmitter is present (El-Rabbany, 2002). The GPS was built for military purposes (Andrade, 2001). The development of the GPS used about US10 billion in taxpayer’s money (El-Rabbany, 2002). The GPS came to public attention after the classified information of its usage became known during the Persian Gulf War (DoD Report to Congress, 1992). The GPS was used for navigation, tracking, bomb and missile guidance, rescue and map updating (Andrade, 2001). This information is crucial in times of war for through the GPS, allied troops are able to launch assaults in the night, carry out rescue and covert operations and infiltration of enemy base camps (DoD Report to Congress, 1992). The system has only been available for public use for a decade ago. This was due to demand for the need of locating objects for various reasons and also the need of reducing cost which is the restricted limitation of applications and usage of the GPS. (Drake Rizos, 1998). The host of the GPS is the Department of Defence in the United States of America. Due to public demands, the DoD has researched and innovated the GPS system to be ready for public use. One of the aims of the system was to develop a single unified application. A single unified application that allowed more civilian use and user friendly (Logsdon, 1995). This was very attractive to real time users such as businesses and the public. Local government authorities can also benefit from it such as the police and fire departments for life and death situations. To an extent, it will also have value in terms of security of the property of a private owner. Initially, it was only affordable to large corporations, largely because of the need for insurance of a valuable item. It was a gradual process where the GPS was available for use by the general public. Due to other technological advances such as more efficient communication systems, geographic databases and innovations and breakthroughs in the microchip industry and the availability of Internet access, the GPS became more affordable; hence, it is now widely used (Andrade, 2001). In 1980, a GPS receiver cost approximately US10 000 and through innovations in the microchip industry, smaller GPS receivers were built at a fraction of the price which led to the introduction of the first hand-held receiver priced below $1000 in 1992. In 1997, the cheapest receiver up to date was introduced to the public, priced at $100 running on two AA batteries (Andrade, 2001). Although built for military purposes, due to social needs, the GPS has been innovated for the use of the public. Such uses can be seen in the field of transportation, geographic research and weather prediction (El-Rabbany, 2002). The information of position can be invaluable in these areas if given in relation to the intended path, showing points of interest and potential hazards: an aircraft position in relation to a destination; a car on a moving street map; or a boat in relation to islands and obstacles. Combined with communication technology such as the cellular phone, the knowledge of position can be life saving, reducing search and rescue mission to simply rescue mission (El-Rabbany, 2002). Transportation with GPS monitoring can keep unwanted traffic away in certain places (Drake Rizos, 1998). An example of this would be the prevention an oversize truck to travel along residential roads, against the regulations, by having a GPS tracking device on them (Drake Rizos, 1998) In business management where there are mobile goods such as a concrete truck, the truck can be fixed with a GPS tracking device. This could help improve productivity as the company can keep track of where it is. Hence, the customer can ask the concrete company where the truck is and when precisely her/his delivery can arrive. The GPS can also aid in environmental research such as wild life research and help to locate rehabilitated animals which have been released. Thus locating them through the GPS, researchers can observe their tracks and have a better understanding of the specie (Kreiter, 2001). Engineers at Purdue University and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) have developed a way to use GPS satellites to monitor the environment, which could lead to better weather prediction models (Kreiter, 2001). They had been trying to develop a system using GPS signals to image things on the ground, measuring soil moisture and the thickness of ice on the Earth’s surface (Kreiter, 2001). The advantage of using the GPS signal to make the measurements over existing equipments is that it cuts the amount of the hardware necessary by more than half. The GPS measurements appear to be just as accurate as dedicated transmitters and receivers currently in use, and are more reliable during storms (Kreiter, 2001). Finally it can be seen that the use of the technology has gone to shape itself so that society can use it in a common fashion and affordable manner. The future prospects of this technology will depend on how well it copes with other advancing technology. Analysis Hughes Theory Hughes (1991) presented that, every technology or technological change will have political, economic and technical factors. This report will analyse the relationship between the political factors and the GPS technology. In this case, the U.S government realized that the GPS is a powerful and useful technology, so they have spent a lot of money to research it (El-Rabbany, 2002). The GPS was built for military purposes to increase the military might of the U.S and with this came political power (Andrade, 2001). It is evident because in 1991, the â€Å"Navster GPS† was used in the Persian Gulf War and with it; it gave the U.S an advantage over the Iraqis forces (DoD Report to Congress, 1992). For this positioning equipment, it can increase their control over land vehicles, ships, aircraft and precision-guided weapon around the world (Andrade, 2001). This gave the U.S a huge military advantage and gave victory to the U.S over the Iraqis. Winner’s Theory Winner (Beder 1998, p.72) presents theories that explain the relationship between politics and a certain technology. GPS, as mentioned was developed by the U.S military. However, politics is the main supplier to provide support to the development of this technology (Andrade, 2001). In this we can see that the military department was the one who developed the GPS, but its development was spurred by political needs. The government of U.S needed a technology that could monitor the movements of governments around the world. For this would give them an advantage over countries that should wish that wage war against the U.S (Andrade, 2001). For the GPS to be researched and developed, it required a huge sum of funding (El-Rabbany, 2002). Only through government grants, did the GPS project take place. (Andrade, 2001). This can be supported by Winner’s (Beder 1998, p.72) theory that a technology â€Å"appears to require or to be strongly compatible with particular kinds of power relationships†. With Winner’s theory, we can conclude that politics was the driving force to the creation of the GPS. This conclusion is made because political factors are the ones that govern the distribution of government money and fund, and through this, the GPS was provided the necessary funds to begin operations (Andrade, 2001). Basalla’s Theory Basalla (1988) introduced the idea of social and cultural choice involving the adoption of a certain technology. He also mentioned that an invention alters itself due to meet the needs of the society. The GPS was brought to use in the early 1990s and has since influenced the society gradually. Although the U.S. Department of Defence created the system to serve the sole purpose of military applications, it has evolved since its launch (Andrade, 2001). Through the needs of the general public and commercial demand, it has far transformed from its original role to aid in the transportation business, geographic research field and also in weather prediction and surface monitoring (El-Rabbany, 2002). This demonstrated Basalla’s (1988) theory of social and cultural choice, where the invention alters itself due to meet the desire of the user. It can be seen that the GPS has been put to different uses after its introduction although built for a different purpose. Conclusion Through the analysis of the study, it can be seen how political factors needs and goals were the driving force into the introduction of the GPS system. Built for military purposes, it has managed to strengthen the military might of the U.S forces rendering them an advantage as seen in the Gulf War. Through Hughes’ and Winner’s theories, it is evident to see the relationship that existed between the political factors and the GPS system. In concluding with Basalla’s views on social choices, it can clearly be seen that ultimately it was social choice that dictated how the GPS was used in the U.S. Used by the U.S for military purposes, but the constraints of public needs and demands, dictated that the uses of GPS be changed to meet its needs. In the past decade, the uses of GPS have increased tremendously rendering the world virtually smaller. Users are now able to communicate with each other even in remotest part of the world owing to this technology. In realizing the relations of the theories of technological developments with our daily lives, engineers are able to understand and more equipped towards the task are creating a more sustainable future.

Mark Zuckerberg, an American computer scientist, software developer and philanthropist The WritePass Journal

Mark Zuckerberg, an American computer scientist, software developer and philanthropist   Introduction Mark Zuckerberg, an American computer scientist, software developer and philanthropist   IntroductionBackgroundProblem statementObjectivesResearch QuestionsSignificanceLimitationLiterature ReviewThe Role of MediaCharacteristic of Social networking SitesDifferences between Social Networking SitesUse of FacebookPositive ImpactNegative ImpactTheory Applied Uses and Gratifications TheoryMedia System Dependency TheoryResearch DesignPopulation and SamplingData CollectionDiscussion and ConclusionDiscussionConclusionRelated   Introduction â€Å"When you give everyone a voice and give people power, the system usually ends up in a really good place. So, what we view our role as, is giving people that power.† Said by Mark Zuckerberg. The above quotes is said by the founder of facebook, Mark Zuckerberg, an American  computer scientist,  software developer  and  philanthropist best know for creating the social networking site- Facebook.(Kroll, 2008)   Despite his young age of 26, he is already a billionaire and had awarded the Time Person of The Year 2010.(Grossman, 2010) Facebook  is a  social networking  website launched in February 2004 and operated and privately owned by Facebook, Inc.(PenNameEM, 2011). It initially targeted Harvard students, but was later opened to other universities and then high schools. The websites membership was initially limited by the founders to Harvard students, but was expanded to other colleges in the Boston area. It later expanded further to include any university student, then high school students, and, finally, to anyone aged 13 and over.   In 2006, Facebook allowed everyone to join and also added a News Feed feature that would broadcast changes in members pages to all Facebook users identified in their personal network of friends. It turned Facebook into a personalized social news service (Farlex, 2010). Facebook has a lot of features, (Social Media Boomer, 2009) like for example; people can add friends and send the messages, messages can be sent privately or publicly. A wall which allows friends to post messages for the user to see and use can tell what he/she up to by updating his/her status update. The news feed publishes updates on every user’s homepage and computer seen by the friends of the user. Facebook notes is a blogging feature that allows text and images and some blogs can be imported and Facebook. Facebook has a chat feature which allows instant messaging to friends. Mark Zuckerberg knew the power of social network more than anyone else and thus had created Facebook which had evolved to an essential-must-visit-site-each-day to many people all around the globe. The successful of Facebook had well enough to convey the importance of social network and had attracted a number of business people to venture the field. As Mark Zuckerberg said, â€Å"the web is at a really important turning point right now.† More and more people had engaged in social networking, resulting with a common norm in voicing out your opinion at the website instead of in front of the public, making friends blindly and deviatory exposing your whereabouts which in terms making the individual becomes more fragile to various danger . While on the bright side, social networking do have several advantage, It helps people to keep in touch despite geographical distances and it’s a much cheaper medium compare with the others. In short, facebook have its pros and cons, people have to aware the impact, be a smart user and not to fall prey on the downfall. Background Studies shows that facebook users had tremendously increase globally and how serious people get addicted to facebook.(Foster, 2010)   This phenomenon had brought up both positive and negative issues. People start to realize the power of facebook politically, economically and nevertheless socially. A lot of investments from well-known people had made to the facebook company. Thus, facebook had been upgraded and had expanded to all its potential direction, and yet meets no limitations. The website currently has more than 400 million active users worldwide. It is undeniable a huge phenomena and had affected other social website as well. At January 2009 Facebook has defeated MySpace. (TechCrunch. 2010) Since people are become more and more attach to this particular social networking website, it somehow had stirred up some important issue to the society. Facebook has somehow crush with some rules and regulations and has been banned in some countries including Pakistan(Aljazeera,2010), Syria(Global Voices, 2010),China(Youth Radio, 2010),Vietnam (CNN. 2010), and Iran(  Telegraph Media Group, 2010).It has also been banned at many places of work to discourage employees from wasting time using the service. (Facebook. 2010) Facebook settled a lawsuit regarding claims over source code and intellectual property. The site has also been involved in controversy over the sale of fans and friends. Privacy issue had been hotly debated among the people.(Facebook. 2010) Single status updated in facebook will allow the whole network friends knew what you are up to. Nevertheless the photo album posted, strangers may happen to approach to you on the street despite the fact that you do not even know them. Stalkers issue is also a triggering phenomenon. On the other hand, facebook had its positive side. It had been seen as a wide, rewarding potential market to the investors. Since it was a global phenomenon, international marketers utilize this fact and met its satisfying result. Advertise in facebook is also an effective way to reach target audience. Facebook has undeniable brings double edge effect to the life of many, and thus the studies of awareness of public both positive and negative impact of Facebook will be further examined by the researcher. Problem statement â€Å"With the creation of Facebook in 2004, colleges and universities across the United States have been playing catch-up with students. This new technology carries much weight as a new medium for students to build social connections and grow as members of their institutions. However, this new technology also brings negative implications such as lowered GPAs when with greater use,† proclaimed by Boogart. (2004) People may not aware of the double-sided impact of facebook in their lives. They only realize how social networking crushes them at the point where they had become the victim of social networking. Addiction to facebook will cause a lot of problem in our lives, such as widen the gap between friends and family as one willing to stick on the computer screen rather than socializing with people around. Seriously attach to facebook will also be an obstacle in performances. One may affect productivity during office hour due to the overly attached to facebook, student’s grades may fall due to this too. On the other hand, facebook was undeniable a convenient place to socialize and keep in touch. Do the public realize both the positive and negative impact of facebook to the society and are they the smart user or blind user of Facebook? Objectives The main purpose of this research is to determine the level of awareness among Malaysians regarding the impact of facebook in the life. Besides, it is also designed to identify media preference and consumption patterns of the public. Those findings will help in further effective message creations. The researcher strongly agrees that the public should have a better understanding of the double-edged impact of facebook, how it will affect their life and the potential direction/growth of facebook in the future Research Questions What is the role of media in creating awareness? What is the use of Facebook? What is the impact of Facebook? Significance Social networking had been a big hit all around the world, and has undeniable becomes a necessity for people all around the world. Most of us have limited knowledge about the pros and cons of social networking and are one of the blind users who use the site for granted. Majority of the people do not dwell much on the core meaning of social networking and thus had neglected many important issues which then had cause some serious agitation both positively and negatively. Upon all of the incidents that had happened all around facebook, it is necessary to alert the public about the double-sided effect of facebook. By listing all of the advantage and disadvantage of the impact of Facebook, It will aid in creating public’s awareness in personal security issue, social networking fraud and etc, such effort will certainly minimize the potential harm and also to brighten the horizon of the people about the emerging possibilities of facebook in various field. Limitation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The first obstacle face during the research will be the individual’s bias. As the research is about the double edge impact of Facebook, predictable and unavoidable incidents such as intensive individuals will hold tight with their own perspective and will defy the oppositional view of it. For example, a Facebook supporter will always stand on his/her ground and strongly oppose the negative sides of Facebook, and oppositional, Facebook hater will always discriminates Facebook despite the advantages it brings. Fair and just opinion from both oppositional sides is critical in aiding the accuracy of the research. The next obstacle will be the sampling issue. Although everyone seems to be able to access to the Internet, there will still be minority of them whom are not familiar with the site. Have to be assure that the target sample is in alignment with the objective. Age range is important too due to the perspective and values holds are different along with age growth. Penetrating observation and estimation of the target sampling is essential in order to obtain accurate outcome of the research. Besides, another problem that has to be deal is the potential fraud/dishonesty responses from the target audience. They might want to please the researcher and distort their very own opinion or are afraid to voice their perspective out. Therefore, it is crucial to explain to them that the above survey is highly confidential and for educational purpose only before spreading out the questionnaire to them. Literature Review The Role of Media According to the journal â€Å"Role of media to engage the masses in water debates and Practices† by Shahzad (2008, p.2), the media is crucial in disseminating news, development facilitator and the agent of change in today’s times.   Mass media is essential in creating awareness of various issues as to shape publics’ perception and opinion, particularly with reference to environment issue. Public escalating attachment to the information technologies had aid the growth of the importance of mass media. (Shahzad and Paquistanà ­, 2008, p.2) Media coverage does influence social flow. Shahzad and Paquistanà ­ (2008, p. 5) argue that in their recent coverage of the poor quality of water and sanitation facilities in public hospitals of twin cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad, they are able to attract federal health minister and the NGO to take action and had solved the above problem. Their media coverage had inspired and moved the authorities to install the filtration plant.   It shows that media is playing a crucial role in conveying the message to various parties and inspire changes. Dorji (n.d, p.1) claim that communication is always the primary elements in society, especially in this era called â€Å"satellite communication†; mass media has indeed a necessity in human existence. Information and knowledge is being exchange through communication and with the advance technology, distance and other boundaries had been overcome. Various mass media had aid in communication among people all around the world, so as to globalization. According to Menon (1981) (cited by Alahari, 1997) in the journal â€Å"Attitude towards Mass Media and its role in promoting Environment Consciousness† by Tshering Dorji , the function of mass media had been upgraded to serve a wider coverage at a faster pace worldwide. This indeed has helped the media to reach a wider audience. Moreover, media assists people all around to world to interact and connect with each other. (Dorji, n.d) According to the journal â€Å"Attitude towards Mass Media and its role in promoting Environment Consciousness† by Tshering Dorji, it had provided evidence that the media did influence in peoples’ decision making. The more one’s expose to media, the more he/she will be affected by the media. According to the above case study, it stated that mass media has a potential power in fostering a kinship for environmentalism. For instances, mass media had reinforced the links between the environment preservation and culture heritage in Bhutan Characteristic of Social networking Sites According to the report ‘Social Computing: Study on the Use and Impact of Online Social Networking’ by Romina Cachia, there are generally 6 characteristics of SNS, which are (1)presentation of oneself: a profile page; (2)externalization of date: viewing and sharing information; (3) new ways for community formation: communicate through various digital objects; (4) Bottom-up activities: idea platform for user to gathered; (5) ease of use: homepages are easy to create and development; and lastly (6) reorganization of Internet geography: removed geographic barrier. Nevertheless, SNS has drastically changes our way of communication. Differences between Social Networking Sites Different website serves different people and attracts different types of users despite their similarity of SNS. Like for example, ‘MySpace’ was generally used by musician; YouTube links people through videos; Flickr links people through pictures and etc. (Cachia, 2008) While on the other hand, Friendster was been utilized to get in touch with old friends and had attracted many youth due to its innovation. MySpace too was created based on that platform but had soon evolved into more of a music platform. On 2004, Flickr which had became known for its dynamic platform for sharing photos was emerged due to the popularity of SNS photo sharing. (Cachia, 2008) And up to date, Facebook with its massive of active users is the one most successful SNS. Cachia argues that the simplicity and ordered profiles has contributed to Facebook’s successfulness. The vast number of application too has added in fun aspect to Facebook users. The ‘wall’ which allow user to post pictures, comment and link is also another factor that lead its popularity among the public. Use of Facebook Boogart (2004) argues that majority use Facebook to stay in touch with high school friends. He founds out only 21.1% of people use Facebook to connect to college peers. Boogart (2004) also states that demographic play a role in defining the user and usage. Women and students are two large populations whom are the active Facebook users. According to him, one will feel more connected to people if he/she use Facebook more frequently. These trends had further extended the addiction of students towards Facebook. Simply put, the more one engages on Facebook the more addicted one would perceive themselves to be. According to the findings by Joinson (2008), he generally found out that people use Facebook to keep in touch with friends, social surveillance, re-acquiring lost contacts, to communicate by writing on wall or private message, sharing pictures, perpetual contact meaning just to find out people’s status, making new friends and simply because it is easy to use. Besides, according to Joinson (2008), social network serves as social an emotional support, information resources and ties to some people. Lampe et al. (2006) (cited by Joinson, 2008) states that there’s a differences in ‘social searching’ and ‘social browsing’ in Facebook. Social searching is to find out more information about someone offline while social browsing is an act uses Facebook to further develop a relationship. Lampe et al. (2006) (cited by Joinson, 2008) also notes social networking sites such as Facebook serves as a surveillance function, where by user is constantly updated about their friends and family, the groups where they belonged. Impact of Facebook (Positive and Negative) Positive Impact According to the journal â€Å"Lessons from Facebook: The Effect of Social Network Sites on College Students’ Social Capital† by Kee, Park and Valenzuela (2008), Facebook can aid in unify the community. For example, collective action can be called up common interests groups. Facebook can aid in fostering trust and norms by constantly exchanging opinions and views among users. Boogart (2004) indicates that Facebook had help to university administrators to connect with students in Campus. It helps them to feel ‘less stranger’ on the school ground and constantly help them to keep in touch with one another and school activities as well. According to Merritt (2008) (cited by Kee et al., 2008) Facebook no doubt is a social network sites that allow the users to deliver shared, relevant information, a place for exchanging ideas and thus had fulfill many of the promises of civic journalism. Besides, it is crucial for the media to help citizens to stay connected with the society especially in the time of damaged credibility in public institutions according to Rutigliano (2007) (cited by Kee et al., 2008). Ultimately, it had assist journalist and traditional news organizations in gaining lessons on how to reach individuals, especially young adults from the social network. Social networking can reduce relationships’ gap for those who are being apart by distances according to Thompson (2009). It brings them together despite the physical separation. According to Vocus (n.d), it stated that one have to understand the potential of social media can bring. Social media had removed the possible barriers one company has towards its audience, it aid in spreading the intended information, generate sales leads, gauge customers satisfaction and increase brand recognition. The social media has indeed provides the tools and tactics for a company and prove its value. Facebook help in creating social awareness among people, Facebook users will ultimately been updated by various news posted by their friends, making them aware of the incidents that had recently occurred and as well provide them a better understanding of things (Sagi, 2011) Facebook has help in increasing environment sensitivity among the user despite their hectic lifestyle. Negative Impact According to the thesis â€Å"Uncovering the Social Impacts of Facebook on a College Campus† by Boogart (2004), there is a significance relationship between heavy use of Facebook and lower GPA among students. Although Facebook was created to have a positive impact in person to person communication, studies show that it could have a harmful effect according to Thompson (2009).   Facebook was first been used as a way for liked minded students to share their life experiences and keep in touch. But it too had reduced the real connection in reality, the interpersonal connection between people. It is like an escapist experience and had displaced the real interaction to an alternative cyber world. According to the journal â€Å"Facebook Games by Design have a Negative Social Impact† (The University of Melbourne, 2010), Facebook games had causes problems such as addiction to internet, decreasing sociability, mis-education to children and fall in productivity among people. Facebook games can lead players distracted and addicted as well. The addiction should be categorized as mental disorder to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders according to Block J. (2008) (cited by The University of Melbourne, 2010), an American Journal of Psychiatry editorial writer. In addition, Facebook games are easy to be accessible in nature. It runs almost in every modern computer which allows nearly everyone to be able to play them. The game itself is designed to be addictive too; the in-game award system had leaded the players to further enhance their desire to accomplish the goal of the game (The University of Melbourne, 2010). Besides the game have a negative impact on the young. Facebook games such as Texas Poker has indeed encouraged the young user to be involved in gambling. Moreover, according to the journal â€Å"Facebook Games by Design have a Negative Social Impact† (The University of Melbourne, 2010), it stated that Facebook games causes degradation in academic achievement among the students. Students spend more time on Facebook rather than revising their works. Besides, it lowers the work productivity of office workers as well. Williams and Gulati (2008) argue that using Facebook to hold an online campaign is a non-significant, near zero impact on vote share only due to those candidates who made little effort to cultivate a social network presence and put together it into their campaign strategy.   Additionally, campaign supporter in Facebook is hardly to be defined. The amount of the supporter is either the real things or just a hoax created by the candidates themselves. Theory Applied Uses and Gratifications Theory Uses and Gratifications Theory applied in this research. As cited in Chasse and Jenkins (n.d, p2), West and Turner (2005) stated that Uses and Gratifications Theory implies that â€Å"people actively seek out specific media and specific content to generate specific gratifications† and also to explain people’s involvement and need for media. According to the article â€Å"The role of theories in Uses and Gratifications studies (1979)†, by Blumer, there are six types of audience activity (Bulmer, 1979) Firstly, people tend to use media to accomplish their task, like for example in this case; most of our respondents use Facebook to connect to their long lost friends. The second type is intentionality, where use of media is decided by the motive. Respondents’ use of Facebook was difference from one another; their intention behind their impulse can be listed from the purpose of entertainment to socialize as well as other reason. Thirdly, selectivity, whereby the choice of media reflects the existing interest. People can always choose other media besides Facebook to stay in connect with their friends, there must be significance behind every action they did. The attachment of public towards Facebook too has its own explanation. Fourthly is to influence, whereby people create own meaning from media content. Different media serve different purposes and effect and people in return decide what to absorb from the media and how the media will influence them. Facebook is convenient in every ways, whether to connect friends from a thousand miles away or to exchange pictures taken shortly ago. The beneficial of Facebook ultimately will have its own meaning to different individuals. Fifthly, fifth is activity, which means what people use media for. Like for instance, people listens to radio for the timeliness news and hits music, watch television for TV drama, and etc. Lastly, the activeness, meaning the freedom of the audience in involving. Public involved themselves more in forum or chat room that is found in the internet for the reason that the amount of freedom of participating in such activity is being granted. Media System Dependency Theory According to Maxian (2009), Media System Dependency theory in microscopic level is defined as â€Å"a relationship in which the capacity of individuals to attain their goals is contingent upon the information resources of the media system.† Those information resources can be categorized as the ability to create and gather, process, and disseminate information. While in the macro level, the theory is define as the social perspective if the greater increasing people become more dependent on the media, the impact of the media will rise and role of media in society will become more central. Facebook had already been globalization and many of us have been active users itself. The impact of Facebook in our lives can be seen in many prospects.   Maxian also proposed that the media is very powerful as it controls every information or resources that needed by the people to achieve their informational goals. As cited in Maxian (2009), Ball-Rokeach (1998) described that individuals are assumed to function along three main dimensions in the relation between individual and media dependency; which are goal, referent, and intensity. The goal dimension refers to the motivation of people to achieve their informational goals through the information that provided by the media. For example, people will seek information from media to reduce their stress, entertainment, as well as for self and social understanding. They also use media information as a guide on their daily interaction and situation faced. Facebook serves as many purposes for the public. Many of them claimed that they use Facebook for entertainment, to socialize, to kill times and to escape reality. Those intentions will further push the user to continue to stick on Facebook. Next will be the referent. The referent dimension refers to the number of media that the people used at once to accomplish his/her goal. For example, a person who is seeking information for his/her assignment will use various media such as newspapers, television, Internet and etc to complete his/her task. Finally, the intensity dimension refers to the extent of intensity of media used by an individual to achieve informational goal. For instances, if a media source such as the Internet provide the most and best information for people, the dependency of the Internet will be more intense in terms or achieving that informational goal. This can be explained the phenomenon of the addiction towards Facebook by the majority. People had found out what they can do in Facebook and how it had satisfied them in serving their own purpose, thus had strengthen their independency towards Facebook. Research Design Quantitative research method will be employed in this study. There are two major types of surveys, descriptive and analytical (Wimmer Dominick, 2006) a descriptive survey is to explain current conditions and attitudes at the moment, while the analytical survey is to explain why the situation exists. Apparently, descriptive survey will be fully utilized in this study to check on the awareness of the public about the double-edged effect of Facebook. The reason Quantitative research method is being employed in this study is because it is handy in every aspects to the researcher. Firstly, it helps the researchers to determine the exact situation; roots of the problem and behavior pattern can be defined. Usage of Facebook and public opinion on it can be well evaluated through quantitative research. Secondly, its economic friendly since the researcher do not have the sufficient amount of money to conduct other research method. Since this is a University assignment, researcher had no financial support to conduct the research. As such, quantitative is the most convenient and cost effective way to help the researcher her findings. Thirdly, quantitative research method is able to provide a better insight of the situation examined, again, usage of Facebook, media preferences of the public, demographics etc can be collected too. Fourthly, it is convenient and flexible; it can be conduct everywhere within the target compound. The researcher does not have to undergo complicated situation yet still able to get the accurate outcome. And lastly, there is numerous information that had already exist available for the researcher to use as primary sources or secondary sources. The positive and negative of   social network had been hotly debated by various journalist on the past decade, this as well had save the researcher a lot time and had provide the researcher a better guidelines to finish the assignment. Population and Sampling According to Wimmer Dominick (2006), population is a group of subjects, variables, concepts, or phenomena; an entire class or group is investigated in some cases. The population is this study will be the staff and students of Utar Kampar. It is impossible to cover the whole population of Utar Kampar, thus a sample will be selected. Sample is a subset of the population that is representative of the entire population (Wimmer Dominick, 2006). Through this study, 100 respondents age 18 and above will be randomly selected to complete the questionnaires. Location will be targeted at several hotspots in Utar: Block C, Block G, Cafeteria and other crowded places, not to forget via online too. The reason staff and students are being chosen as the targeted respondents is because they are familiar with the social networking site, Facebook and their lifestyle, media consumption are aligned with the study. Thus, by choosing the right criteria, the researcher believes that it will aid in finding the accurate outcomes of this study. Instrumentation Questionnaire will be utilized in this study by the researcher due to the excessive amount of questions can be asked and answer can be obtained on spot from a huge sample. The survey in this case study consists of three types of questions: (1) open-ended questions, which require the respondents to voice out their own opinion, give them freedom in answering questions and an opportunity to provide in-depth responses; (2) close-ended questions, a list of answer will be provided in which respondents can choose from; (3) likert-scale question, where by the respondent can be able to choose their answer based on the extent of their opinion, for example â€Å"strongly agree†, â€Å"neutral†, or â€Å"disagree.† Overall, the survey consists of five parts. The first part will be the demographic part in which require the respondents to answer some basic information such as gender, age and education background. The second part will be answering the research question: what is the role of media in creating awareness on the impact if Facebook, where by the researcher can get in-depth information about the respondents’ perception of media. The third part is to investigate the reason people attached to Facebook and will also question them about the impact of Facebook brings. The forth part consists of two sections, each of them study about positive impact and negative impact of Facebook. Respondents who agreed with the statement that there’s a double sided effect of Facebook in our lives will have to answer both section, and those who choose either one of the impact will be responsible solely to the chosen section. By categorizing the respondents in such ways, the researcher will have a better understanding of the perceptions of the majority towards the impacts of Facebook in their lives. The fifth part will be asking the respondents about their opinion alerting the public about the impact of Facebook and which media will yield the wildest effect in creating public’s awareness of the relative issues. Data Collection Survey will be collected at once after the respondents had completed it. There will be a direct interaction between the interviewer and interviewee. As such, the interviewer can be able to help the respondents if they do no understand the survey. The researcher will be using two kinds of methods to collect the surveys, mall interviews (on-spot interviews) and internet surveys. Mall interviews are a quick and inexpensive way to collect personal information (Wimmer Dominick, 2006). And of course the mall mentioned is referring to the crowded places found within the University’s compound during peak hours. The second method is the Internet surveys. According to Wimmer Dominick (2006), the process of internet survey is very simple, surveys will send out and completed via email. This method undeniable saves cost and is environment friendly. The survey had been completed in one week time, starting from 14th March 2011 to 20th March 2011. Data Analysis According to Wimmer Dominick (2006), statistics are mathematical methods to collect, organize, summarize, and analyze data. The researcher will use descriptive statistics to convert the huge amount of data into a much understandable and meaningful method. The researcher will present the data by using pie chart and bar chart, together with details description and explanation. Figure 2.8 denotes that 85% of respondents stated that the information/news from the media will certainly affect their attitude and behavior and had given their reason about it. They said it was because the message media brings is very persuasive and always is the truth of fact. Moreover, the media helped them to gain a better insight of things and lead them to wider perceptions of seeing things. Besides, the succeed of Shahzad and Paquistani (2008) using media to influence the attitude of the authority has it solid astand for the above statement. The remaining 15% of respondents’ behavior or attitude will not change by the media was because they found out the media is not a reliable source and some of them actually did not care about it. In sum, A lot of the information gained from the media inevitably will influence publics’ behavior. According to figure 3.0, 24% of respondents used facebook for both entertainment purpose and socialize. Another 21% claimed that the reason they used Facebook was because of the peer’s pressure while 16% was to kill times. Remaining 15% of the respondents affirmed that they were merely following the trend. West and Turner (2005) (cited by Chasse and Jenkins, n.d,) stated that Uses and Gratifications Theory implies that â€Å"people actively seek out specific media and specific content to generate specific gratifications† and also to explain people’s involvement and need for media. Facebook served different purpose for different people. Majority of the respondents had claimed that they used Facebook mainly for entertainment and to socialize. Again, the hectic lifestyle had make Facebook as an entertainment spread like a wildfire among the public. Insufficient time to socialize with one another can now be solved through Facebook. Discussion and Conclusion Discussion The researcher has been able to identify RQ1: the role of media in creating awareness. By referring to the findings (Q4), it can be presumed that most people use media for the purpose of entertainment, followed by surveillance. This is quite a norm to the society as people nowadays are busy in fulfilling their material life and thus do not have the ample time to do other things. Media, in such way has provided the public the best solution to be entertained and so as to be updated on various things.   As such, people are gradually influenced by the media (Shahzad and Paquistanà ­, 2008, p5). According to the findings of question 5, the role of media in creating awareness can be by constantly educating the public about relative issues, in this case is about the awareness of the public on the double sided effect of Facebook, is believes to have the widest effect in alerting the public. This shows that media have the power to influence and shape the public opinion. Shahzad and Paquistani (2008, p.2), also argue that media is essential in creating awareness to shape publics’ perception and opinion. Covering relative news to aware the public is also another way for the media to influence public. Truth fact is most likely credible and thus will motivate public to change. As stated by Shahzad and Paquistani (2008, p. 5), media coverage does influence social flow. Their coverage of the poor quality of water and sanitation facilities in public hospitals of twin cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad are able to attract federal health minister and the NGO to take action and had solved the above problem. Findings from question 6 states that most people found news from media is trustworthy and are aware of the latest issues broadcasted by the media (Q8). Such dependence to the media had prove that media plays an important role in them. Media has indeed become an necessity in the society (Dorji ,n.d, p.1). The level of public’s dependency towards media and the effect of it to the society found in research question 11, which is high in dependency has nevertheless establishes the claims of media dependency theory. The level of dependency of media will directly affect the role of the media in the society, the greater they rely on it, the superior media will be (Maxian , 2009). Next, the researcher is able to classify answers of RQII: What is the use of Facebook in part III of the questionnaire. People used Facebook for different purposes, such as ranking from the highest to the lowest according to the findings of question 13: entertainment, to socialize, to blend in the society’s trend and etc. User and gratification theory states that people seek specific media to generate specific gratification and thus explain their use and need for media (Chasse and Jenkins, n.d, p.2). Majority agree that Facebook has become a necessity in peoples’ lives (Q5). Again, media dependency theory stated that the superior the media get, the powerful it will have its impact on the society (Maxian, 2009), which had been aligned with the findings. Many had agreed with the statement that there’s a double sided effect of facebook in our lives (Q18). Part IV of the questionnaire is been designed to find out the answer for RQIII: What is the impact of Facebook. Both positive and negative impact will be scrutinized thoroughly. The potential of social media can bring is wide and effective in publicity according to Vocus (n.d), hence it is in line with the researcher’s findings which the respondents agree that Facebook aid in publicity (Q21). Facebook is able to reach a larger market regardless the location and financial. It is the most cost-effective to promote one’s company or product. Many had agreed that Facebook help them to keep in touch with friends (Q20). According to Thompson (2009), social networking can help in reducing the gap between relationships, whereby many of the respondents agreed as well. Constantly keep in touch with friends and families that are being apart help smoothen a relationships and will perhaps diminish the potential conflict between them. In addition, on the negative sides, many had agreed that Facebook causes degradation of studies (Q23). Boogart (2004) also stated that there is a significance relationship between heavy use of Facebook and lower GPA among students. Students had spent most of their time playing Facebook and therefore had neglected their studies. The Facebook game too had contributed to the above matters (The University of Melbourne, 2010). Moreover, most of the respondents states that Facebook will induce lower work productivity (Q23). The University of Melbourne (2010) do suggest that addiction to internet, decreasing sociability will aid in the fall in productivity among people. As for people busying building and maintaining their relationship via cyber world, the real relationship and interaction in the reality consequently will be hinder. About 22% of the respondents are consent of it (Q23). Thompson (2009) asserts that many had displaced the real interaction to an alternative cyber world. Based on the findings in question 24, faked Id, online fraud and hacker issues had been also hotly debated by the public. People no longer feel secure while online because they never know the source of their information. Online campaign is been categorized as a non-significant compare to the real campaign (Williams and Gulati, 2008). The information and the amount of the supporters are impossible to be defined. Majority of the respondents strongly agree that media should aware the public of the double sided effect Facebook brings. They knew the how Facebook can help in one life and to destroy one’s as well. Therefore, media such as newspaper, TV, radio, Internet campaign, etc must play their role to alert the public. Conclusion Assessing the importance of media in raising public’s awareness on the double-edged of Facebook is the primary objective in this study. This research also aims to determine the media role in society as well as to understand the impacts Facebook has towards the society. A total of 28 survey questions regarding public perception towards the importance of media role and the impacts of Facebook were studied. Research has shown that media is mainly serve as an entertainment, followed by surveillance, social interaction and personal identity. Researcher found out most of the respondents agree that media is a trustworthy source and had strongly relied on them. They trusted information from the internet more than news from newspaper as they believe that newspaper was in favor of the politicians. News and information from media poses a great power since they had the ability to alter, shape and influence public decision making. In addition, researcher is acknowledged that most of the respondents are active Facebook user and they agree that Facebook has become a necessity in peoples’ lives. They do aware of the double sided effect Facebook brings. The researcher had obtained the percentage of various positive and negative impacts facebook had from the survey questionnaires in which had provide the researcher about the perceptions of the public towards Facebook. Meanwhile, the researcher found out the negative news of Facebook will affect the use of Facebook among Facebook user. This shows that majority of Facebook user is still a smart user rather than a blind user. Lastly, researcher also gained an understanding about public opinion on whether the media should alert the public about the double sided effect of Facebook. Public has come in agreement that media plays an extremely important role in creating awareness. Internet has the best effect in alerting according to the findings. In short, this study is helpful in conveying important information on the impacts of Facebook. As a result, it has provided the researcher with a clearer understanding on the importance of media in creating awareness.

Canadian history pre-confederation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Canadian history pre-confederation - Essay Example The treaties sought to create peace between the British and the Aboriginal people in the country thus making the country easy to exploit for the British colonial masters and conducive for the habitation of the aboriginals as the discussion below portrays. Between 1700 and 1867, Canada survived on a series of treaties that earned segmented peace to the country and its inhabitants thus enhancing the existence of the various people who occupied the land1. Key among the treaties in pre confederation Canada was the Niagara treaty signed in 1764, the Selkirk treaty in 1817 and bind head treaties of 1836 among many others. A treaty refers to an agreement between two parties involved in a conflict. The agreement provides effective structures for the resolution of a conflict by safeguarding the interests of all the conflicting parties. This explains the numerous treaties signed in pre confederation Canada. The country had numerous inhabitants al of who felt entitled to the land and its resources. This often led to wars and conflicts such as the 1812 war. Such sectarian wars were obvious portrayal of the conflicts in the country as the various inhabitants fought for the resources. The creation of the numerous treaties within such short periods was a portrayal of the weaknesses of the treaties. Treaties are always contemporary and seek to provide short-term resolutions to the prevailing conflicts. As such, the treaties provided short-term ways of sharing the resources among two or more conflicting societies but the parties often rescinded the treaties in case their interests faltered. Signed in 1817, Selkirk treaty was one of the treaties that lasted the shortest in pre confederation Canada. Thomas Selkirk, a British aristocrat wanted to create a colony by purchasing a vast land previously owned by the Hudson Bay Company. The land extended into areas occupied by the Cree and Chippewa nations.

Literature For Children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Literature For Children - Essay Example He knows when to make a change in the story and perfectly used it to his credit. Slowly his writing's changed to the dark side as against the usual happy endings. In those days William Thackeray was Charles Dickens' rival. His works used to have more of a satirical view and depicts situations of a middle class favour. Hardy's literary work used to show the plight of the rural life and sorrow and bitterness of the English countryside. Though many writes came into picture with their works but they contained unnecessary plots and only were meant to lure the audience to just read those books so that they can become famous overnight, which eventually drew flak. Since most of the children like fairy tales the authors used to write books on those perceptions. The authors used to imbibe super powers to their characters and produce them as saviours who fight the evil and prevail the truth. As compared to adult literature the authors used more fictitious characters that never cheat and abide by what they say. Where in adult literature all the tricks and dirty plots were used and change the plot when and where they wanted. But it isn't like in children's literature; they are soft like Peter Pan, adventurous like Huckleberry Finn and as curious as Alice in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. One thing that always worked for the authors was to depict the story in pictorial view. They used art as a tool to make the story more enjoyable so that child of any age can understand the story and imagine their heroes in total graphical art. According to Anderson, "Even after children learn to read, illustrations continue to aid to their comprehension. Among the many components of a child's visual world, book illustrations are a beautiful medium through which to learn about their world" (p 47). 20th Century Literature As 20th century came by, the children's literature was becoming more and more popular. Early 20th century writers used science and adventure as their tools to fascinate the young hearts. Books like Charlotte Webb and Stuart Little by E. B. White were instant hits and liked by children. At the end of the 20th century the children' literature became a big boom in the literary business sector. Novels like Harry Potter and Narnia became so much popular that the brand is now worth Billions of Dollars in international market. J. K. Rowling's Harry Potter series has achieved the biggest success ever by any book in children literature. They are not only popular among children even the adult literary critics praise them as one of the greatest and successful work in literary world. Now children literary works are giving a stiff competition to the adult literary world. Bullying and racial harassment were the most dreaded things that most of the children experienced in the pre and post Victorian period even now it still exists. The major reasons to start bullying and racial abusing depends on the characters surrounding the respective environment (like parents, neighbours, etc.,), children will face the immediate effect since they are the immediate guardians to the children, if not this parents or teachers at school whoever are close to the children with respect to time get to influence them. Human beings develop or grow by observing the surroundings and so they are called as social animals. The madness of depression is the antithesis of violence. It is a storm indeed, but a storm